{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:34:52Z","timestamp":1791192892991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,24]],"date-time":"2006-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1145836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the possible association between phthalate esters (PEs) and the occurrence of endometriosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Case\u2013control study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Department of Reproductive Medicine, Bhagawan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Maternal Health and Reproductive Institute and Department of Analytical R&amp;D, Hetero Research Foundation, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Blood samples were collected from 49 infertile women with endometriosis (study group); 38 age\u2010matched women without endometriosis (control group I) but with infertility related to tubal defects, fibroids, polycystic ovaries, idiopathic infertility and pelvic inflammatory diseases diagnosed by laparoscopy and a further group of 21 age\u2010matched women (control group II) with proven fertility and no evidence of endometriosis and other gynaecological disorders during laparoscopic sterilisation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Concentrations of PEs were measured using gas chromatography.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Evaluation of PEs concentrations in women with endometriosis compared with women free from the disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Women with endometriosis showed significantly higher concentrations of di\u2010n\u2010butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di\u2010n\u2010octyl phthalate (DnOP) and diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) (mean 0.44 [SD 0.41]; 0.66 [SD 0.61]; 3.32 [SD 2.17]; 2.44 [SD 2.17] micrograms\/ml) compared with control group I (mean 0.08 [SD 0.14]; 0.12 [SD 0.20]; 0; 0.50 [SD 0.80] micrograms\/ml) and control group II (mean 0.15 [SD 0.21]; 0.11 [SD 0.22]; 0; 0.45 [SD 0.68] micrograms\/ml). The correlation between the concentrations of PEs and different severity of endometriosis was strong and statistically significant at\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05 for all four compounds (DnBP:\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =+0.73,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001; BBP:\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =+0.78,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001; DnOP:\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =+0.57,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001 and DEHP:\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =+0.44,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0014).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study suggests that PEs may have an aetiological association with endometriosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00925.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,24]],"date-time":"2006-04-24T06:21:15Z","timestamp":1145859675000},"page":"515-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["General gynaecology: Association of phthalate esters with endometriosis in Indian 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