{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:38:59Z","timestamp":1793659139940,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,7]],"date-time":"2007-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To describe the incidence of clinical miscarriage and to investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of clinical miscarriage.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Prospective study with both cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal comparisons.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    City of G\u00f6teborg, Sweden.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Population\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Population\u2010based study in cohorts of 19\u2010year\u2010old women followed longitudinally.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Incidence of miscarriage and pregnancy outcome.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Material and methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A postal questionnaire was sent to women born in 1962 and resident in the city of G\u00f6teborg in 1981 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 656) regarding pregnancy outcome, clinical miscarriage and other reproductive health factors. Responders in 1981 were contacted again and requested to answer a similar questionnaire every fifth year up to 2001. The same process was repeated in 1991 with women born in 1972 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 780) with follow up of these responders in 1996 and 2001. A third cohort of 19\u2010year\u2010old women born in 1982 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 666) was interviewed in 2001. The self\u2010reported pregnancy data were verified from hospital files.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Complete data were available for 341 women born in 1962 and assessed up to the age of 39 years (ever pregnant,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 320, 94%). There were in total 887 pregnancies (live birth,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 590, 67%; miscarriage,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 108, 12%; legal abortion,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 173, 20% and ectopic pregnancy,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 16, 2%). Of the 320 \u2018ever pregnant\u2019 women, 80 women (25%) had experienced a miscarriage. 76.3% had experienced one miscarriage, 16.3% had two miscarriages and 7.4% had three or more miscarriages. The clinical miscarriage rates in women at different ages were as follows: 20\u201324 years 13.5%, 25\u201329 years 12.3%, 30\u201334 years 10.3% and 35\u201339 years 17.5%. The corresponding miscarriage rate in the 1972 cohort followed from 19 to 29 years of age was 11%, and in the 1982 cohort assessed at 19 years of age, the miscarriage rate was 9%. No risk factor for miscarriage could be reliably identified.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Clinical miscarriage constituted 12% of all pregnancies, and one in four women who had been pregnant up to 39 years of age had experienced a miscarriage. Three or more miscarriages were experienced by 7.4%. The occurrence of a miscarriage was not influenced by the order of the pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01426.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,7]],"date-time":"2007-12-07T05:03:07Z","timestamp":1197003787000},"page":"176-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["A prospective longitudinal population\u2010based study of clinical miscarriage in an urban Swedish population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Blohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Frid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Milsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1658-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spontaneous abortion risks in man: data from reproductive histories collected in a medical genetics unit","volume":"16","author":"Warburton D","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3356(21)00157-6","article-title":"Spontaneous abortion","volume":"13","author":"Laferla JJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198807283190401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/11.2.406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340500494887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600627022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"An immunological pregnancy test","volume":"35","author":"Wide L","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91991-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198611000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(89)90023-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01719278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/10.6.1397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200001000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00613-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00176-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(82)90070-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90038-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00068-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(86)90167-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113220"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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