{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:27:35Z","timestamp":1781018855616,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed rheumatic diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> We screened for rheumatic diseases in 1210 consecutive pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy using a 10\u2010item questionnaire.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold> A university hospital in northern Italy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u2002<\/jats:bold> One hundred and thirty\u2010seven (11.3%) women who answered positively to at least one question constituted the cases and were compared with 107 negative controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cases and controls were tested for rheumatic autoantibodies (antinuclear antibody, anti\u2010double\u2010stranded DNA, anti\u2010extractable nuclear antigen, anticardiolipin antibody, anti\u2010\u03b22\u2010glycoprotein I antibodies and lupus anticoagulant) and were evaluated by a rheumatologist for a definite diagnosis of rheumatic disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold> Prevalence of undiagnosed rheumatic disease in the first trimester of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The overall rate of positivity to the antibodies tested was 43.1% (59\/137) among cases and 9.3% (10\/107) in the controls (<jats:italic>P <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). A definitive diagnosis of rheumatic disease was made in 35 cases (25.5%) and in none of the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.001). In stepwise logistic regression analysis, photosensitivity (adjusted OR 5.72; 95% CI 2.38\u201313.8), erythema or malar rash (adjusted OR 3.91; 95% CI 1.53\u201310) and history of two or more miscarriages (adjusted OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.55\u201320.6) were independent predictors of a definitive diagnosis of rheumatic disease (area under receiving operator curve = 0.814; 95% CI 0.76\u20130.86). Birthweight was lower (3180 g \u00b1 475 compared with 3340 g \u00b1 452, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.008), and overall serious pregnancy complications (miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, delivery before 34 weeks of pregnancy and severe pre\u2010eclampsia) were higher among cases (12\/137) than controls (2\/107) (adjusted OR 5.60; 95% CI 1.29\u201324.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.021).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> A two\u2010step screening process with a self\u2010administered questionnaire proved to be a useful method to screen for undiagnosed rheumatic diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01530.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T09:11:00Z","timestamp":1193389860000},"page":"51-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prevalence of undiagnosed autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results of a two\u2010steps strategy using a self\u2010administered questionnaire and autoantibody testing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Spinillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Beneventi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OM","family":"Epis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Mammoliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Ramoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Di Silverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Alpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Caporali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Montecucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00165.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.7.740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.7.772"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Comparison between 3 diagnostic criteria for mixed connective tissue disease. Study of 595 patients","volume":"16","author":"Alarcon\u2010Segovia D","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203306lu2322oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","first-page":"615","article-title":"Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD): a review of the literature and a proposal for preliminary classification criteria","volume":"17","author":"Mosca M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.05.002","article-title":"Antirheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"35","author":"Temprano KK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00161-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2195oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","first-page":"420","article-title":"systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Italy: an Italian prevalence study based on a two\u2010step strategy in an area of Florence (Scandicci\u2010Le signe)","volume":"11","author":"Benucci M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740600759704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu187oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","first-page":"2840","article-title":"Anti\u201052 kDa Ro, anti\u201060kDa Ro, and anti\u2010La antibody profiles in neonatal lupus","volume":"31","author":"Gordon P","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu252oa"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-0528.2007.01530.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01530.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T22:33:20Z","timestamp":1697063600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01530.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01530.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01530.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}