{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T13:25:41Z","timestamp":1794576341104,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Please cite this paper as:<\/jats:italic>Adams S, Eberhard\u2010Gran M, Sandvik \u00c5, Eskild A. Mode of delivery and postpartum emotional distress: a cohort study of 55\u2003814 women. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.2011.03188.x<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>To assess the association between mode of delivery and maternal postpartum emotional distress.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold>A prospective study of women from 30\u2003weeks of gestation to 6\u2003months postpartum.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold>Pregnant women in Norway during the period 1998\u20132008.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u2002<\/jats:bold>A total of 55\u2003814 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>Emotional distress was reported in a short form of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist\u201025 (SCL\u20108) at 30\u2003weeks of gestation and at 6\u2003months postpartum. Information on mode of delivery was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold>Changes in SCL\u20108 score from 30\u2003weeks of gestation to 6\u2003months postpartum and presence of emotional distress at 6\u2003months postpartum.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>Women with instrumental vaginal, emergency caesarean or elective caesarean deliveries had similar changes in SCL\u20108 score between 30\u2003weeks of gestation and 6\u2003months postpartum, as compared with women with unassisted vaginal delivery (adjusted regression coefficient, 0.00, 95%\u2003CI \u20130.01 to 0.01; 0.01, 95%\u2003CI 0.00\u22120.02; and \u22120.01, 95%\u2003CI \u22120.02 to 0.00, respectively). The corresponding odds ratios (ORs) associated with the presence of emotional distress at 6\u2003months postpartum (SCL\u20108\u2003\u2265\u20032.0) were: OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.86\u22121.18; OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97\u22121.32; and OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.79\u22121.16, respectively. These estimates were adjusted for emotional distress during pregnancy and other potential confounding factors. Emotional distress during pregnancy showed the strongest association with the presence of emotional distress at 6\u2003months postpartum (adjusted OR 14.09, 95% CI 12.77\u221215.55).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>Mode of delivery was not associated with a change in SCL\u20108 score from 30\u2003weeks of gestation to 6\u2003months postpartum or with the presence of emotional distress postpartum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03188.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,16]],"date-time":"2011-11-16T09:12:18Z","timestamp":1321434738000},"page":"298-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Mode of delivery and postpartum emotional distress: a cohort study of 55\u2003814 women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"SS","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Eberhard\u2010Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5R","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Eskild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00786.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V32N5p577","article-title":"Should doctors perform an elective caesarean section on request?","volume":"32","author":"Devendra K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7156.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679709062687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809025691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(82)90006-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Internet].Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. [updated 2010]. [http:\/\/www.fhi.no\/eway\/default.aspx?pid=238&trg=MainArea_5811&MainArea_5811=5895:0:15 3046:1:0:0:::0:0]. Accessed 14 February 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Internet].The Medical Birth Registry of Norway; a foundation stone in Norwegian epidemiologcal research. [updated 2010]. [http:\/\/www.fhi.no\/eway\/default.aspx?pid=238&trg=MainArea_5811&MainArea_5811=5895:0:15 3320:1:0:0:::0:0]. Accessed 14 February 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Ubevisst sjeleliv og bevisst samfunnsliv. Psykisk helse i en sammenheng. Festskriv til Tom S\u00f8rensens 60 \u00e5rs jumileum. [The incognisant mind and the cognisant society. Mental health in a context. Notes to Tom S\u00f8rensen\u2019s 60th anniversary.]","author":"Tambs K","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480310000932"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480310000941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00801743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00187.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839008403615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.4.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809048501"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-0528.2011.03188.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03188.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T03:09:32Z","timestamp":1741921772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03188.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03188.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03188.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}