{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1753359990764},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Please cite this paper as:<\/jats:italic> Korteweg F, Folkeringa N, Brouwer J, Erwich J, Holm J, van der Meer J, Veeger N. Fetal loss in women with hereditary thrombophilic defects and concomitance of other thrombophilic defects: a retrospective family study. BJOG 2012;119:422\u2013430.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To assess the absolute risk of fetal loss associated with hereditary deficiencies of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS), and the contribution of additional thrombophilic defects to this risk.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> A retrospective family cohort study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u00a0<\/jats:bold> A tertiary referral teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u00a0<\/jats:bold> Women from families with hereditary deficiencies of AT, PC and PS, and their non\u2010deficient relatives.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> We assessed the absolute risk of fetal loss, comparing deficient women with non\u2010deficient female relatives.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold> Early, late and total fetal loss rates; odds ratios of fetal loss.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> We evaluated 289 women, who had 860 pregnancies. The total fetal loss rates were 23% (AT deficient), 26% (PC deficient), 11% (type\u2010I PS deficient) and 15% (type\u2010III PS deficient), compared with 11, 18, 12 and 13% in non\u2010deficient women, respectively. Odds ratios were 2.3 (95% CI 0.9\u20136.1), 2.1 (95% CI 0.9\u20134.7), 0.7 (95% CI 0.2\u20131.8) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.6\u20132.0), none of which reached statistical significance. Differences were mainly the result of higher late fetal loss rates in women deficient in AT (OR 11.3, 95% CI 3.0\u201342.0) and PC (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3\u201317.4). The concomitance of factor\u2010V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A was observed in 19% of women, and did not increase the risk of fetal loss.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Although absolute risks of fetal loss were high, odds ratios of total fetal loss were not statistically significant in deficient versus non\u2010deficient women. However the higher absolute risks appeared to reflect higher late fetal loss rates as opposed to early fetal loss rates. An additional effect of concomitance of factor\u2010V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A was not demonstrated, which may result from the exclusion of women at highest risk of venous thromboembolism, or from the small numbers sampled in the study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03264.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T23:01:53Z","timestamp":1328914913000},"page":"422-430","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fetal loss in women with hereditary thrombophilic defects and concomitance of other thrombophilic defects: a retrospective family study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"FJ","family":"Korteweg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Folkeringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u2010LP","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JJHM","family":"Erwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JP","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NJGM","family":"Veeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"3702","article-title":"The incidence of venous thromboembolism in asymptomatic carriers of a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C, or protein S: a prospective cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Sanson BJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-11-200612050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1645218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-9-199905040-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010053431405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650282","article-title":"The risk of abortion and stillbirth in antithrombin\u2010, protein C\u2010, and protein S\u2010deficient women","volume":"75","author":"Sanson BJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12771-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.4.1031.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.12.3518.bloodjournal85123518","article-title":"Resistance to activated protein C as an additional genetic risk factor in hereditary deficiency of protein S","volume":"85","author":"Z\u00f6ller B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92159-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369064a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.2.349","article-title":"Reliable genotyping of the G\u201020210\u2010A mutation of coagulation factor II (prothrombin)","volume":"44","author":"Danneberg J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02971-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Placental pathology: its impact on explaining prenatal and perinatal death","volume":"445","author":"Stallmach T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm825"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","volume-title":"Late Intrauterine Fetal Death and Stillbirth","author":"Guidelines Committee of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-0528.2011.03264.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03264.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T20:18:59Z","timestamp":1698783539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03264.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03264.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03264.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}