{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:14:40Z","timestamp":1782504880973,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]],"date-time":"2012-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Please cite this paper as:<\/jats:italic> Chuang C, Lin I, Horng H, Hsiao Y, Shyu I, Chou P. The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on postpartum urinary incontinence: a longitudinal cohort study on singleton pregnancies. BJOG 2012;119:1334\u20131343.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary incontinence in singleton pregnancies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> A longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold> A single tertiary\u2010care hospital in Taiwan.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u2002<\/jats:bold> Pregnant women with term deliveries between 2002 and 2007 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20036653) were consecutively recruited.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Logistic regression models were fitted based on generalised estimating equation methods to derive odds ratios for occurrences of type\u2010specific urinary incontinence in the third trimester and at four time\u2010points over 2\u2003years during the postpartum period.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold> Evaluation of whether GDM is an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The full model analysis revealed that GDM was an independent risk factor for all type\u2010specific urinary incontinence (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.97 [1.56\u20132.51], 3.11 [2.18\u20134.43] and 2.73 [1.70\u20134.40] for stress, urge and mixed incontinence, respectively]. Compared with women without GDM, women with GDM tended to exhibit more severe symptoms of stress incontinence for up to 2\u2003years postpartum, whereas for urge or mixed incontinence, more severe symptoms were found only for 6\u2003months postpartum. Evaluation of quality of life using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire 7 suggested that women with GDM requiring insulin treatment had a higher likelihood of functional impairment than women with GDM requiring conservative treatment only or women without GDM (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05, by the chi\u2010square test for trend).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> GDM was found to be an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary incontinence and had a significant impact on quality of life. Women with GDM should be provided with timely consultation and support once urinary incontinence occurs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03468.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]],"date-time":"2012-08-20T09:19:30Z","timestamp":1345454370000},"page":"1334-1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on postpartum urinary incontinence: a longitudinal cohort study on singleton pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"C\u2010M","family":"Chuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010F","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u2010C","family":"Horng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y\u2010H","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010L","family":"Shyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb05806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920070021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01566-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1055-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200103000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181d04dff"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obstetgynecol.2003.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200524531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.12.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(2000)19:2<137::AID-NAU4>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.7.1730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200403000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S17945"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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