{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:36:48Z","timestamp":1791117408269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]],"date-time":"2012-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Please cite this paper as:<\/jats:italic> Lee Y, Roberts C, Dobbins T, Stavrou E, Black K, Morris J, Young J. Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy\u2010associated cancer in Australia, 1994\u20132008: a population\u2010based linkage study. BJOG 2012;119:1572\u20131582.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine trends in pregnancy\u2010associated cancer and associations between maternal cancer and pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> Population\u2010based cohort study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold> New South Wales, Australia, 1994\u20132008.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 781\u2003907 women and their 1\u2003309\u2003501 maternities.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cancer and maternal information were obtained from linked cancer registry, birth and hospital records for the entire population. Generalised estimating equations with a logit link were used to examine associations between cancer risk factors and pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold> Incidence of pregnancy\u2010associated cancer (diagnosis during pregnancy or within 12\u2003months of delivery), maternal morbidities, preterm birth, and small\u2010 and large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (LGA).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 1798 new cancer diagnoses were identified, including 499 during pregnancy and 1299 postpartum. From 1994 to 2007, the crude incidence rate of pregnancy\u2010associated cancer increased from 112.3 to 191.5 per 100\u2003000 maternities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001), and only 14% of the increase was explained by increasing maternal age. Cancer diagnosis was more common than expected in women aged 15\u201344\u2003years (observed\u2010to\u2010expected ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.42\u20131.56). Cancers were predominantly melanoma (33.3%) and breast cancer (21.0%). Women with cancer diagnosed during pregnancy had high rates of labour induction (28.5%), caesarean section (40.0%) and planned preterm birth (19.7%). Novel findings included a cancer association with multiple pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.13\u20132.05) and LGA (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.89).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Pregnancy\u2010associated cancers have increased, and this increase is only partially explained by increasing maternal age. Pregnancy increases women\u2019s interaction with health services and the possibility for diagnosis, but may also influence tumour growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03475.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T09:48:18Z","timestamp":1346147298000},"page":"1572-1582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy\u2010associated cancer in Australia, 1994\u20132008: a population\u2010based linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"YY","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CL","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Dobbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Stavrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00537-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2002-0279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-2058-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.2801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b19154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.114867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802559111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500123962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e3280124749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","unstructured":"Centre for Health Record Linkage. 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