{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:43:51Z","timestamp":1773729831673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,20]],"date-time":"2004-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The basal concentration of glutamine in the extracellular fluid, [GLN<jats:sub>ECF<\/jats:sub>], was determined to be 385\u2003\u00b1\u200316\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>in the cortico\u2010striatal region of awake rats. This<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>concentration was determined by measuring glutamine concentrations in dialysates collected at several flow rates (0.2\u20134\u2003\u03bcL\/min), and extrapolating to the concentration at zero flow\u2010rate. Dialysate glutamine concentrations in the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus and thalamus showed no statistically significant difference. In these brain regions, [GLN<jats:sub>ECF<\/jats:sub>] was elevated 1.5\u2010 to 1.8\u2010fold upon perfusion of 50\u2013250\u2003m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\u03b1\u2010(methylamino)isobutyrate (MeAIB), a competitive inhibitor of glutamine uptake by system A amino acid transporter. The results show, for the first time, that MeAIB causes elevation of brain GLN<jats:sub>ECF<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The MeAIB\u2010induced elevation of [GLN<jats:sub>ECF<\/jats:sub>] provides additional support for the current view that system A GLN transporter (Gln T\/SAT 1) is the major pathway for the uptake of GLN<jats:sub>ECF<\/jats:sub>by neurons, while GLN release from glia is mainly mediated by a system N transporter (SN1) which is not inhibitable by MeAIB. The steady\u2010state GLN<jats:sub>ECF<\/jats:sub>concentration and the effectiveness of MeAIB in inhibiting neuronal GLN uptake<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, reported in this study, will be useful, when combined with the known<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>kinetic properties of the GLN transporters, for study of GLN transport in the intact brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02478.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]],"date-time":"2004-06-15T20:02:27Z","timestamp":1087329747000},"page":"203-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Quantitative determination of extracellular glutamine concentration in rat brain, and its elevation<i>in vivo<\/i>by system A transport inhibitor, \u03b1\u2010(methylamino)isobutyrate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kanamori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_20_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240100663"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110942200"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(90)90027-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.01995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81674-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(68)90167-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)97187-5","article-title":"The use of N\u2010methylation to direct the route of mediated transport of amino acids","volume":"240","author":"Christensen H. 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