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We examined the effects of the bactericidal protein synthesis\u2010inhibiting clindamycin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200312) on the release of proinflammatory bacterial components, the formation of neurotoxic compounds and neuronal injury compared with the standard therapy with ceftriaxone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200312) in a rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis. Analysis of the CSF and histological evaluation were combined with microdialysis from the hippocampal formation and the neocortex. Compared with ceftriaxone, clindamycin reduced the release of lipoteichoic acids from the bacteria (<jats:italic>p\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030.004) into the CSF and the CSF leucocyte count (<jats:italic>p\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030.011). This led to lower extracellular concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (<jats:italic>p\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030.034) and glutamate (<jats:italic>p\u2003=<\/jats:italic> 0.016) in the hippocampal formation and a subsequent reduction of extracellular glycerol levels (<jats:italic>p\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030.018) and neuronal apoptosis in the dentate gyrus (<jats:italic>p\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030.008). The present data document beneficial effects of clindamycin compared with ceftriaxone on various parameters linked with the pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis and development of neuronal injury. This study suggests neuroprotection to be a group effect of bactericidal protein synthesis\u2010inhibiting antimicrobial agents compared with the standard therapy with \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics in meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02837.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,2]],"date-time":"2004-12-02T14:41:32Z","timestamp":1101998492000},"page":"1450-1460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Clindamycin is neuroprotective in experimental <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> meningitis compared with ceftriaxone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"B\u00f6ttcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Goiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Lykkesfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Kuhnt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Lotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Bunkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Schau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Spreer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Christen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Nau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_34_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100609"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315518"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/6514"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_6_1","volume-title":"Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Designs","author":"Brunner E.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0198-092"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01584363"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00642-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021334"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.12.2728"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.3.546"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199305000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_34_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.57.4.732","article-title":"Rifamicin is not an activator of glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"57","author":"Herr A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. 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