{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T06:51:18Z","timestamp":1794639078119,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,9]],"date-time":"2004-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The avian retina and pineal gland contain autonomous circadian oscillators and photo\u2010entrainment pathways, but the photopigment(s) that mediate entrainment have not been definitively identified. Melanopsin (<jats:italic>Opn4<\/jats:italic>) is a novel opsin involved in entrainment of circadian rhythms in mammals. Here, we report the cDNA cloning of chicken melanopsin and show its expression in retina, brain and pineal gland. Like the melanopsins identified in amphibians and mammals, chicken melanopsin is more similar to the invertebrate retinaldehyde\u2010based photopigments than the retinaldehyde\u2010based photopigments typically found in vertebrates. In retina, melanopsin mRNA is expressed in cells of all retinal layers. In pineal gland, expression was strong throughout the parenchyma of the gland. In brain, expression was observed in a few discrete nuclei, including the lateral septal area and medial preoptic nucleus. The retina and pineal gland showed distinct diurnal expression patterns. In pineal gland, melanopsin mRNA levels were highest at night at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 16. In contrast, transcript levels in the whole retina reached their highest levels in the early morning (ZT 0\u20134). Further analysis of melanopsin mRNA expression in retinal layers isolated by laser capture microdissection revealed different patterns in different layers. There was diurnal expression in all retinal layers except the ganglion cell layer, where heavy expression was localized to a small number of cells. Expression of melanopsin mRNA peaked during the daytime in the retinal pigment epithelium and inner nuclear layer but, like in the pineal, at night in the photoreceptors. Localization and regulation of melanopsin mRNA in the retina and pineal gland is consistent with the hypothesis that this novel photopigment plays a role in photic regulation of circadian function in these tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02874.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T12:19:40Z","timestamp":1141388380000},"page":"158-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Molecular cloning, localization and circadian expression of chicken melanopsin (<i>Opn4<\/i>): differential regulation of expression in pineal and retinal cell types"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"S. S.","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Rollag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. P.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Natesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. W.","family":"Korf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"Iuvone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Provencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(02)00454-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68010213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.295.5557.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.174.4006.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90160-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402320321"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/282094a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10523"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/313050a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20126"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn768"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Circadian rhythmicity in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"26","author":"Guido M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abs."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0959"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.8.4998"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-01-j0002.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200212030-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069609"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01761"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300699"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_1","first-page":"564","article-title":"Retinal melatonin production: role of proteasomal proteolysis in circadian and photic control of arylalkylamine N\u2010acetyltransferase","volume":"43","author":"Iuvone P. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02540-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00509-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7321","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07321.2002","article-title":"Opsin\u2010G11\u2010mediated signaling pathway for photic entrainment of the chicken pineal circadian clock","volume":"22","author":"Kasahara T.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_30_1","volume-title":"Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: the Mind's Clock","author":"Klein D. C.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7321","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0200299","article-title":"Regulation of pineal serotonin N\u2010acetyltransferase activity","volume":"20","author":"Klein D. C.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_32_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The melatonin rhythm\u2010generating enzyme: molecular regulation of serotonin N\u2010acetyltransferase in the pineal gland","volume":"52","author":"Klein D. C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00216534"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902060309"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00154-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1081112"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.4.993"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_38_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Colocalization of pinopsin with two types of G\u2010protein \u03b1\u2010subunits in the chicken pineal gland","volume":"299","author":"Matsushita A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7878470"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1659"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)81713-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/372094a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076848"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086179"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90161-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00600.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415493a"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr960141c"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076701"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(94)90047-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00221754"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049000500307"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi001135k"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001204)428:1<138::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91389-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.62052001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/scdb.1996.0099"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90143-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91339-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0742315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_66_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Catecholamine receptors regulating serotonin N\u2010acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of chicken retina and pineal gland: D2\u2010dopamine receptors in retina and \u03b1\u20102 adrenergic receptors in pineal gland","volume":"250","author":"Zawilska J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(00)00177-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1166318"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.2.999"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-4159.2004.02874.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02874.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T13:27:01Z","timestamp":1695821221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02874.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02874.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02874.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,9]]}}}