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During hyperosmotic cell shrinkage, net cellular taurine content increases as taurine transporter activity is enhanced via elevated gene expression of the transporter protein. In hypo\u2010osmotic conditions, taurine is rapidly lost from cells by means of taurine\u2010conducting membrane channels. We reasoned that changes in taurine transporter activity also might accompany cell swelling to minimize re\u2010accumulation of taurine from the extracellular space. Thus, we determined the kinetic and pharmacological characteristics of neuronal taurine transport and the response to osmotic swelling. Accumulation of radioactive taurine is strongly temperature dependent and occurs via saturable and non\u2010saturable pathways. At concentrations of taurine expected in extracellular fluid<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, 98% of taurine accumulation would occur via the saturable pathway. This pathway obeys Michaelis\u2013Menten kinetics with a<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>of 30.0\u2003\u00b1\u20038.8\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>(mean\u2003\u00b1\u2003SE) and<jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>of 2.1\u2003\u00b1\u20030.2\u2003nmol\/mg protein min. The saturable pathway is dependent on extracellular sodium with an effective binding constant of 80.0\u2003\u00b1\u20033.1\u2003m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>and a Hill coefficient of 2.1\u2003\u00b1\u20030.1. This pathway is inhibited by structural analogues of taurine and by the anion channel inhibitors, 4,4\u2032\u2010diisothiocyanostilbene\u20102, 2\u2032\u2010disulfonic acid (DIDS) and 5\u2010nitro\u20102\u2010(3 phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB). NPPB, but not DIDS, also reduces the ATP content of the cell cultures. Osmotic swelling at constant extracellular sodium concentration reduces the<jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>of the saturable transport pathway by approximately 48%, increases<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>diff<\/jats:sub>for the non\u2010saturable pathway by 77%, but has no effect on cellular ATP content. These changes in taurine transport occurring in swollen neurons<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>would contribute to net reduction of taurine content and resulting volume regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03652.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,30]],"date-time":"2006-01-30T17:11:09Z","timestamp":1138641069000},"page":"1375-1389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Regulation of taurine transport in rat hippocampal neurons by hypo\u2010osmotic swelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Eduardo","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03185-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-8206.2003.00197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(50)90191-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"472","article-title":"ATP depletion and inactivation of an ATP\u2010sensitive taurine channel by classic ion channel blockers","volume":"48","author":"Ballatori N.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol, Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90594-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1954","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of the development of axons and dendrites by hippocampal neurons in culture. 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