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Caffeine inhibited basal (<jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, 210\u2003\u00b5<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) and low intensity (PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2003\u2248\u200366\u2003mm Hg\/30\u2003m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) stimulation\u2010induced release of catecholamines from chemoreceptor cells in intact preparations of rat CB<jats:italic>in\u2003vitro<\/jats:italic>. Opposite to caffeine, 5\u2032\u2010(<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA; an A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>agonist) augmented basal and low\u2010intensity hypoxia\u2010induced release. 2\u2010<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010(2\u2010Carboxyethyl)phenethyl\u2010amino\u20105\u2032\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethylcaboxamido\u2010adenosine hydrochloride (CGS21680), 2\u2010hexynyl\u2010NECA (HE\u2010NECA) and SCH58621 (A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>receptors agents) neither affected catecholamine release nor altered the caffeine effects. The 8\u2010cycle\u20101,3\u2010dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; an A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/A<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>antagonist) and 8\u2010(4\u2010{[(4\u2010cyanophenyl)carbamoylmethyl]\u2010oxy}phenyl)\u20101,3\u2010di(n\u2010propyl)xanthine (MRS1754; an A<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>antagonist) mimicking of caffeine indicated that caffeine effects are mediated by A<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>receptors. Immunocytochemical A<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>receptors were located in tyrosine hydroxylase positive chemoreceptor cells. Caffeine reduced by 52% the chemosensory discharges elicited by hypoxia in the carotid sinus nerve. Inhibition had two components with pharmacological analysis indicating that A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>and A<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>receptors mediate, respectively, the low (17\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\u2003<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) and high (160\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\u2003<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>)<jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>effects. It is concluded that endogenous adenosine, via presynaptic A<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>and postsynaptic A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>receptors, can exert excitatory effects on the overall output of the rat CB chemoreceptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03912.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,26]],"date-time":"2006-05-26T13:50:47Z","timestamp":1148651447000},"page":"616-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Caffeine inhibition of rat carotid body chemoreceptors is mediated by A<sub>2A<\/sub>and A<sub>2B<\/sub>adenosine receptors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"S. 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