{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:14:13Z","timestamp":1791101653361,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]],"date-time":"2006-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microglia, glial cells with an immunocompetent role in the CNS, react to stimuli from the surrounding environment with alterations of their phenotypic response. Amongst other activating signals, the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used as a tool to mimic bacterial infection in the CNS. LPS\u2010activated microglia undergo dramatic changes in cell morphology\/activity; in particular, they stop proliferating and differentiate from resting to effector cells. Activated microglia also show modifications of purinoreceptor signalling with a significant decrease in P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    expression. In this study, we demonstrate that the down\u2010regulation of the P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor in activated microglia may play an important role in the antiproliferative effect of LPS. Indeed, chronic blockade of the P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor by antagonists (oxidized ATP, KN62 and Brilliant Blue G), or treatment with the ATP\u2010hydrolase apyrase, severely decreases microglial proliferation, down\u2010regulation of P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor expression by small RNA interference (siRNA) decreases cell proliferation, and the proliferation of P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010deficient N9 clones and primary microglia, in which P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    expression is down\u2010regulated by siRNA, is unaffected by either LPS or P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    antagonists. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicates that exposure to oxidized ATP or treatment with LPS reversibly decreases cell cycle progression, without increasing the percentage of apoptotic cells. Overall, our data show that the P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor plays an important role in controlling microglial proliferation by supporting cell cycle progression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04101.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]],"date-time":"2006-07-10T10:23:30Z","timestamp":1152527010000},"page":"745-758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["A role for P2X\n                    <sub>7<\/sub>\n                    in microglial proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Ceruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Pizzirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Matteoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Virgilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Abbracchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Verderio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)00038-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490410210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.2.706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E04-11-1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.2.682.bloodjournal872682"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.47.33206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.1.C267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7268"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206383200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.6.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.04.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12101-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.3.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19981001)54:1<117::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.4.1531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(97)00137-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.7.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-01-00183.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04410.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.12.5627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.64.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470032244.ch6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.58.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01482-0","article-title":"International union of pharmacology. XXIV. Current status of the nomenclature and properties of P2X receptors and their subunits","volume":"53","author":"Khakh B. S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.22.6347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.8.3148-3153.1996","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of glia activated by gram\u2010positive bacterial products depends on nitric oxide production","volume":"64","author":"Kim Y. S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90710-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90500-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biolcel.2003.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010043343633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02244-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867043365008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-07-02215.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15 195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36591-2","article-title":"Interleukin\u20101 beta maturation and release in response to ATP and nigericin. Evidence that potassium depletion mediated by these agents is a necessary and common feature of their activity","volume":"269","author":"Perregaux D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490300412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980808)395:3<342::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(91)90546-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000187051.74265.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5262.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00549-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00073-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.10.6383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(97)00141-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","first-page":"969","article-title":"Trinitrophenyl\u2010substituted nucleotides are potent antagonists selective for P2X1, P2X3, and heteromeric P2X2\/3 receptors","volume":"53","author":"Virginio C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0335m.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-4159.2006.04101.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04101.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T16:10:03Z","timestamp":1736439003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04101.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04101.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04101.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,8]]}}}