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Also, LIF had no effect on reporter gene expression <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, neither in the presence or absence of NGF, suggesting that other factors mediate an axotomy response from the galanin promoter. We then addressed the role of nitric oxide (NO) using NGF\u2010deprived rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cultures infected with viral vectors containing the above\u2010mentioned construct, and also studied endogenous galanin expression in axotomized DRG <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Blocking endogenous NO in NGF\u2010deprived DRG cultures suppressed galanin promoter activity. Consistent with this, axotomized\/NGF\u2010deprived DRG neurons expressed high levels of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and galanin. Further, using pharmacological NOS blockers, or adenoviral vectors expressing dominant\u2010negative either for nNOS or soluble guanylate cyclase <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, we show that the NO\u2010cGMP pathway induces endogenous galanin in DRG neurons. We propose that both LIF and NO, acting at different promoter regions, are important for the up\u2010regulation of galanin, and for DRG neuron survival and regeneration after axotomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04243.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T17:17:40Z","timestamp":1164043060000},"page":"790-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["NO\u2010cGMP mediated galanin expression in NGF\u2010deprived or axotomized sensory neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Thimmasettappa","family":"Thippeswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Haddley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquie D.","family":"Corness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Beaucourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion D.","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"H\u00f6kfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.15.7109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01446-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90348-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-07161.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10680.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199805110-00053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90163-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(85)90423-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0730096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/363361a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199803000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90528-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2005.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEUR.0000005596.88385.ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0698-553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(87)90088-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.210221897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80287-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00405-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2003.03057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-04-01058.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(85)80079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00058-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000072670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b102191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-02-00416.2003","article-title":"The second galanin receptor GalR2 plays a key role in neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons","volume":"23","author":"Mahoney S. 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