{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:10:10Z","timestamp":1791112210857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]],"date-time":"2007-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The striatum \u2013 the largest integrative component of the basal ganglia \u2013 harbors a population of neurons that express the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a faithful marker of dopaminergic neurons. The dopaminergic nature of these neurons is further supported by the fact that they express the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and the nuclear orphan receptor <jats:italic>Nurr1<\/jats:italic>, a transcription factor essential for the expression of the DA phenotype by midbrain neurons. The vast majority of these neurons are morphologically similar to the medium\u2010sized aspiny striatal interneurons and they all express the enzyme GAD<jats:sub>65<\/jats:sub>. The striatal TH\u2010positive neurons increase markedly in number in animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), where striatal DA concentrations are low, but this increase is abolished by L\u2010dopa treatment. Hence, local DA concentrations appear to regulate the numerical density of this ectopic neuronal population, a phenomenon that is more likely the result of a shift in the phenotype of preexistent striatal interneurons rather than the recruitment of newborn neurons that will develop a DA phenotype. Altogether, these findings suggest that striatal TH\u2010positive neurons act as a local source of DA and, as such, are part of a compensatory mechanism that could be artificially enhanced to alleviate or delay PD symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04430.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,5]],"date-time":"2007-02-05T12:43:30Z","timestamp":1170679410000},"page":"1441-1447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Dopaminergic neurons intrinsic to the striatum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Huot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(64)90161-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00530-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0233-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-17-06761.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.1980.61.s280.63","article-title":"Dopamine and noradrenaline in post\u2010mortem brain in Huntington\u2019s disease and schizophrenic illness","volume":"280","author":"Bird E. D.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"490","article-title":"The occurrence, distribution and physiological role of catecholamines in the nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Carlsson A.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.10.030187.000315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(00)00039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(99)00029-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2004.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.02.008"},{"issue":"232","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evidence for the existence of monoamine\u2010containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of the brain stem neurons","volume":"62","author":"Dahlstr\u00f6m A.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5420","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05420.1995","article-title":"Synergy between growth factors and transmitters required for catecholamine differentiation in brain neurons","volume":"15","author":"Du X.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00149-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68020564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00215-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(87)90298-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90104-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.11.5723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013205230142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Hornykiewicz O.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13236-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90189-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)98374-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67020443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"The neurochemistry of Parkinson\u2019s disease: effect of L\u2010dopa therapy","volume":"195","author":"Lloyd K. G.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02291-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(01)00260-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00774.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00154-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00441-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-04942.2002","article-title":"Lentivirally delivered glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor increases the number of striatal dopaminergic neurons in primate models of nigrostriatal degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Palfi S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(94)00007-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02437-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991101)413:4<603::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(00)00099-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.4013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-1931(00)00023-9","article-title":"Anatomy of the dopamine system in the basal ganglia","volume":"23","author":"Smith Y.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Dopamine in Huntington\u2019s disease: a study of post\u2010mortem brain tissue","volume":"23","author":"Spokes E. G.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/103.1.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90655-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90130-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025017423102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5310.248"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-4159.2006.04430.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04430.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T15:30:48Z","timestamp":1697038248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04430.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04430.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04430.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]]}}}