{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:59:31Z","timestamp":1790521171659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,27]],"date-time":"2009-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) is produced by neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and elevated levels of IL\u20106 within the CNS have been documented in multiple neurological disorders including Alzheimer\u2019s disease, stroke, epilepsy, attention deficit disorder, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. Here, we sought to understand how IL\u20106 regulates microglial signal transduction and their immune properties. Using highly enriched cultures of neonatal murine microglia we show that IL\u20106 alone has direct effects on microglia as it activates STAT3 and extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase pathways in a time\u2010 and dose\u2010dependent fashion and it enhances interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u03b3)\u2010stimulated IL\u201012 secretion. However, other immune properties were only weakly modulated by IL\u20106 when administered without the soluble IL\u20106 receptor (sIL\u20106R). For instance, IFN\u03b3\u2010induced expression of the co\u2010stimulatory molecule, CD40 was dependent on sIL\u20106R administration. IL\u20106 with or without sIL\u20106R did not affect major histocompatability complex class II expression. In granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (GMCSF)\u2010induced dendritic cell\u2010like microglia, IL\u20106\/sIL\u20106R and IFN\u03b3 stimulated an even greater increase in CD40 expression compared with primary microglia. Altogether, our results demonstrate that microglial responses to IL\u20106 are not simple in that the effects of IL\u20106 are context\u2010dependent. In particular, the presence or absence of sIL\u20106R, IFN\u03b3 or GMCSF will alter the type and amplitude of their response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06366.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,27]],"date-time":"2009-08-27T11:35:52Z","timestamp":1251372952000},"page":"808-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Context\u2010dependent IL\u20106 potentiation of interferon\u2010 gamma\u2010induced IL\u201012 secretion and CD40 expression in murine microglia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Hsiao\u2010Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Levison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-9961(03)00019-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.4.1604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80737-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12192-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(92)90082-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2178::AID-IMMU2178>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(91)90020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v24.i2.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(99)00040-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00157-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35053086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.3.1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Pro\u2010Inflammatory Effects of Interleukin\u20106 and Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on Microglia","author":"Lin H.\u2010W.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(91)90073-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)00283-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2004.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.10.4958","article-title":"The soluble human IL\u20106 receptor. Mutational characterization of the proteolytic cleavage site","volume":"152","author":"Mullberg J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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