{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T07:51:07Z","timestamp":1762761067365},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]],"date-time":"2012-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p><jats:italic>J. Neurochem.<\/jats:italic> (2012) <jats:bold>120<\/jats:bold>, 1072\u20131083.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. New therapeutic approaches aiming at delaying or reversing the neurodegenerative process are under active investigations. In this work, we found that harpagoside, an iridoid purified from the Chinese medicinal herb <jats:italic>Scrophularia ningpoensis<\/jats:italic>, could not only prevent but also rescue the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in MPTP\/MPP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> intoxication with promising efficacy. Firstly, in cultured mesencephalic neurons, harpagoside significantly attenuated the loss of TH\u2010positive neuron numbers and the shortening of axonal length. Secondly, in a chronic MPTP mouse model, harpagoside dose\u2010dependently improved the loco\u2010motor ability (rotarod test), increased the TH\u2010positive neuron numbers in the substantia nigra pars compacta (unbiased stereological counting) and increased the striatal DAT density (<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010FP\u2010CIT autoradiography). Thirdly, harpagoside markedly elevated the GDNF mRNA and GDNF protein levels in MPTP\/MPP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lesioned models. However, the protecting effect of harpagoside on the dopaminergic degeneration disappeared when the intrinsic GDNF action was blocked by either the Ret inhibitor PP1 or the neutralizing anti\u2010GDNF antibody. Taken together, we conclude that harpagoside attenuates the dopaminergic neurodegeneration and movement disorder mainly through elevating glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07635.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,22]],"date-time":"2011-12-22T20:24:47Z","timestamp":1324585487000},"page":"1072-1083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Harpagoside attenuates MPTP\/MPP<sup>+<\/sup> induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and movement disorder via elevating glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongkui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zunji","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongqin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaer","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20021535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22785"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1369.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A32","DOI":"10.1038\/399a032","article-title":"Prospects for new restorative and neuroprotective treatments in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"399","author":"Dunnett S. 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