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Neurochem.<\/jats:italic> (2012) <jats:bold>121<\/jats:bold>, 146\u2013156.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>All\u2010<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\u2010retinal and its condensation\u2010products can cause retinal degeneration in a light<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>dependent manner and contribute to the pathogenesis of human macular diseases such as Stargardt\u2019s disease and age<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>related macular degeneration. Although these toxic retinoid by<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>products originate from rod and cone photoreceptor cells, the contribution of each cell type to light<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>induced retinal degeneration is unknown. In this study, the primary objective was to learn whether rods or cones are more susceptible to light<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>induced, all<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>retinal<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>mediated damage. Previously, we reported that mice lacking enzymes that clear all<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>retinal from the retina, ATP<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>binding cassette transporter 4 and retinol dehydrogenase 8, manifested light\u2010induced retinal dystrophy. We first examined early\u2010stage age<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>related macular degeneration patients and found retinal degenerative changes in rod\u2010rich rather than cone\u2010rich regions of the macula. We then evaluated transgenic mice with rod<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>only and cone<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>like<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>only retinas in addition to progenies of such mice inbred with <jats:italic>Rdh8<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Abca4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice. Of all these strains, <jats:italic>Rdh8<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Abca4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice with a mixed rod<jats:styled-content>\u2013<\/jats:styled-content>cone population showed the most severe retinal degeneration under regular cyclic light conditions. Intense light exposure induced acute retinal damage in <jats:italic>Rdh8<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Abca4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> and rod<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>only mice but not cone<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>like<jats:styled-content>\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>only mice. These findings suggest that progression of retinal degeneration in <jats:italic>Rdh8<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Abca4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mice is affected by differential vulnerability of rods and cones to light.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07647.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T06:34:08Z","timestamp":1325831648000},"page":"146-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Retinal cone and rod photoreceptor cells exhibit differential susceptibility to light\u2010induced damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Kiichiro","family":"Okano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazyna","family":"Palczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tsuneoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Palczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-186-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61759-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3576186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902920402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Aging of the human photoreceptor mosaic: evidence for selective vulnerability of rods in central retina","volume":"34","author":"Curcio C. 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