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The stress protein,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 mediates the degradation of cellular heme to biliverdin\/bilirubin, free iron, and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and is up\u2010regulated in the brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 induction in primary astroglial cultures promotes deposition of non\u2010transferrin iron, mitochondrial damage and macroautophagy, and predisposes cocultured neuronal elements to oxidative injury. To gain a better appreciation of the role of glial\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we probed for aberrant brain iron deposition using Perls' method and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry in novel, conditional\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMOX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1 transgenic mice that selectively over\u2010express human\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 in the astrocytic compartment. At 48\u00a0weeks, the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMOX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1 mice exhibited increased deposits of glial iron in hippocampus and other subcortical regions without overt changes in iron\u2010regulatory and iron\u2010binding proteins relative to age\u2010matched wild\u2010type animals. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed abundant FeO\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    signals in the transgenic, but not wild\u2010type, mouse brain that colocalized to degenerate mitochondria and osmiophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (macroautophagy) documented by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Sustained up\u2010regulation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 in astrocytes promotes pathological brain iron deposition and oxidative mitochondrial damage characteristic of Alzheimer's disease\u2010affected neural tissues. Curtailment of glial\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 hyperactivity may limit iron\u2010mediated cytotoxicity in aging and degenerating neural tissues.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07914.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,7]],"date-time":"2012-08-07T11:03:39Z","timestamp":1344337419000},"page":"325-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Unregulated brain iron deposition in transgenic mice over\u2010expressing\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>HMOX<\/scp>\n                      1\n                    <\/i>\n                    in the astrocytic compartment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec 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