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Here, we review the evidence suggesting that ischemia\/reperfusion\u2010induced microvascular injury plays a critical role in determining tissue survival after recanalization in focal cerebral ischemia by disrupting the blood\u2013brain barrier integrity and promoting microcirculatory clogging. Among many complex mechanisms of the ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury, overproduction of oxygen and nitrogen radicals on the microvascular wall appears to significantly contribute to these pathological processes. These developments bring about the exciting possibility that effective suppression of oxidative\/nitrative stress during pharmacological or interventional re\u2010opening of the occluded artery may significantly improve the outcome of recanalization therapies in stroke patients by improving microcirculatory reflow as well as by preventing hemorrhagic conversion and vasogenic edema. They also point to the critical (but partly neglected) importance of the microcirculation in neuroprotection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07938.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]],"date-time":"2012-10-11T13:13:30Z","timestamp":1349961210000},"page":"2-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Microvascular protection is essential for successful neuroprotection in stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Gursoy\u2010Ozdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muge","family":"Yemisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgay","family":"Dalkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.6.1402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Cerebral ischemia. 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