{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:30:44Z","timestamp":1791077444929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]],"date-time":"2012-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variable efficacies have been reported for glucocorticoid drugs as anti\u2010inflammatory treatment after stroke. We applied an alternative drug delivery strategy, by injection of dexamethasone phosphate\u2010containing liposomes in combination with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>), in an experimental stroke model, and tested the hypothesis that this approach improves behavioral recovery and reduces lesion growth. Rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion with a blood clot. After 2\u00a0h, animals were intravenously injected with rt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> plus empty long\u2010circulating liposomes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content>), free dexamethasone phosphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXP<\/jats:styled-content>), or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010containing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXP<\/jats:styled-content>). Neurological status was evaluated with different behavioral tests up to 7\u00a0days after stroke. Lesion development was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging of tissue and perfusion parameters from 0\u20132\u00a0h until 7\u00a0days after stroke. Expression of brain inflammatory markers was measured with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> at post\u2010stroke day 7. Treatment with rt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> plus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXP<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in significantly improved behavioral outcome as compared to treatment with rt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> plus empty <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content> or free <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXP<\/jats:styled-content>. Acute and final brain lesion sizes were comparable between treatment groups; however a predictive algorithm revealed a significantly larger salvaged tissue area after treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXP<\/jats:styled-content>. We conclude that delivery of dexamethasone phosphate via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCL<\/jats:styled-content> in combination with rt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced thrombolysis can significantly improve outcome after stroke. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging\u2010based predictive algorithms provide a sensitive means to measure treatment effects on lesion development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2012.07945.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]],"date-time":"2012-10-11T13:13:30Z","timestamp":1349961210000},"page":"65-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Combined treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and dexamethasone phosphate\u2010containing liposomes improves neurological outcome and restricts lesion progression after embolic stroke in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Ivo A. C. 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