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Here, we test three of the perceived shortcomings of a CO1 DNA barcode's utility with a group of Holarctic amphibians: primer fit, sequence variability and overlapping intra\u2010 and interspecific variability. We found that although the CO1 DNA barcode priming regions were variable, we were able to reliably amplify a CO1 fragment from degenerate primers and primers with G\u2010C residues at the 3\u2032 end. Any overlap between intra\u2010 and interspecific variation in our taxonomic sampling was due to introgressive hybridization (<jats:italic>Bufo<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Anaxyrus<\/jats:italic>), complex genetics (<jats:italic>Ambystoma<\/jats:italic>) or incomplete taxonomy (<jats:italic>Triturus<\/jats:italic>). Rates of hybridization and species discovery are not expected to be greater for amphibians than for other vertebrate groups, and thus problems with the utility of using a single mitochondrial gene for species identification will not be specific to amphibians. Therefore, we conclude that there is greater potential for a CO1 barcode's use with amphibians than has been reported to date. A large\u2010scale effort to barcode the amphibians of the world, using the same primary barcode region of CO1, will yield important findings for science and conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01964.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,9]],"date-time":"2007-09-09T23:57:36Z","timestamp":1189382256000},"page":"235-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["DNA BARCODING: CO1 DNA barcoding amphibians: take the chance, meet the challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"M. ALEX","family":"SMITH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"JR","given":"NIKOLAI A.","family":"POYARKOV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PAUL D. 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