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The rats were subjected to rhabdomyolytic ARF by single intramuscular injection of hypertonic glycerol (50% v\/v; 8\u2003mL\/kg), and the animals were sacrificed after 24\u2003h of glycerol injection. The plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, and histopathological studies were performed to assess the degree of renal injury. Naltrexone (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0\u2003mg\/kg s.c.), glibenclamide (5.0 and 10.0\u2003mg\/kg i.p.), and minoxidil (25 and 50\u2003mg\/kg) were employed to explore the role of endogenous opioids and K<jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>channels in rhabdomyolysis\u2010induced ARF. Pretreatment with naltrexone and glibenclamide attenuated hypertonic glycerol\u2010induced renal dysfunction in a dose\u2010dependent manner, suggesting the role of endogenous opioids and K<jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>channels in the pathogenesis of myoglobuniric renal failure. However, the simultaneous pretreatment with naltrexone (10\u2003mg\/kg s.c.) and glibenclamide (10\u2003mg\/kg i.p.) did not enhance the reno\u2010protective effects of individual drugs, suggesting that release of endogenous opioids and opening of K<jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>channels constitute a single pathway in acute renal injury triggered by hypertonic glycerol\u2010induced rhabdomyolysis. Furthermore, administration of minoxidil abolished the attenuating effects of naltrexone in glycerol\u2010induced renal failure, suggesting that opening of K<jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>channels is downstream to opioid receptor activation. It is concluded that hypertonic glycerol\u2010induced rhabdomyolysis may involve release of endogenous opioids that in turn modulate K<jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>channels to contribute in the pathogenesis of ARF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00936.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,11]],"date-time":"2011-03-11T12:54:57Z","timestamp":1299848097000},"page":"347-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Investigating the role of endogenous opioids and K<sub>ATP<\/sub>channels in glycerol\u2010induced acute renal failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dharmraj Singh","family":"Sauriyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amteshwar Singh","family":"Jaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirmal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arunachalam","family":"Muthuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Acute renal failure","volume":"47","author":"Jacob R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. 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