{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T19:44:49Z","timestamp":1775504689998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,4]],"date-time":"2012-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoporosis is a reduction in bone mineral density (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>). It develops less often in men than in women. This study aimed to evaluate the bone protective effects of raloxifene (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), risedronate (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), and their combination on osteoporotic male rats. Forty male<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ister rats (12\u00a0weeks) were randomly divided into five groups: sham\u2010operated group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08), orchidectomized (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>) group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07),<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09),<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07) and<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07).<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>was orally administered at 3\u00a0mg\/kg three times\/week, and<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>was given subcutaneously at 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg, twice weekly. After 6\u00a0weeks of treatment, serum cathepsin\u2010K, alkaline (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALP<\/jats:styled-content>) and acid phosphatase activities, serum osteocalcin, serum Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and Pi were determined. Urinary<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>and deoxypyridinoline levels,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>content of femur ash were estimated. Histochemical localization of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALP<\/jats:styled-content>activity of tibia and histomorphometry was examined. As compared to sham,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>rats showed a significant increase in bone turnover markers, and histochemical activity of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALP<\/jats:styled-content>was increased markedly in proximal tibia of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>rats, whereas<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>content of femur ash were reduced after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>. These changes were modulated after treatment with<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>or both to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>rats;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>of femur was improved by each treatment, and bone turnover markers were reduced as compared to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>vehicle group. We concluded that orchidectomy induced osteoporosis and increased bone turnover in male rats because of withdrawal of sex hormones. Both<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAL<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>could treat osteoporosis in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORX<\/jats:styled-content>rats; they reduced bone turnover markers and maintained<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2012.01047.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,21]],"date-time":"2012-05-21T14:23:04Z","timestamp":1337610184000},"page":"526-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Modulation of bone turnover in orchidectomized rats treated with raloxifene and risedronate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Naglaa F.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Tanta University Gharbia 31527 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahla E.","family":"El\u2010Ashmawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Tanta University Gharbia 31527 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda A.","family":"El\u2010Bahrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Tanta University Gharbia 31527 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Haggag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Tanta University Gharbia 31527 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman E.","family":"El\u2010Abd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Osteoporosis in men","volume":"33","author":"Barham K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hosp. 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