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Release of autacoids and activity of the autonomic nervous system may influence (or be directly responsible for) some of the physiological changes that occur in conjunction with this hyperthermia.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\u2003The main focus of this review is the interaction of autacoids and the autonomic nervous system with cardiovascular changes during heating. Differences between environmental and RFE\u2010induced heating (such as rate of temperature change and degree of skin <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> core heating) may be important when considering these effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\u2003Antihistamines exhibited no beneficial effect on circulatory collapse during RFE\u2010induced heating. The serotonergic blocker methysergide decreased survival time in rats during terminal RFE exposure, despite no effects on heart rate (HR) or blood pressure. Although blockade of platelet\u2010activating factor resulted in lower HR before RFE exposure, there was a lack of effect on the subsequent increase in HR during heating. Nitric oxide did not contribute to the hypotension that occurs due to rapid heating by RFE exposure. There have been either no or very limited studies of effects of prostaglandins, bradykinin, or angiotensin on RFE\u2010induced heating responses.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\u2003<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010Adrenoceptor antagonism with propranolol resulted in significantly decreased survival times and lower final colonic temperatures during RFE exposure. A lack of effects of nadolol on survival time and temperature, coupled with its poor ability to traverse the blood\u2013brain barrier, suggests that central <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010adrenergic stimulation rather than peripheral stimulation may alter thermoregulation.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\u2003Effects\u2003of the autonomic nervous system (as studied by adrenoceptor blockade) on potassium changes during heating have not been fully investigated. Such changes could be important in animals\u2019 responses to RFE and other modalities of heating, and should be studied in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.2006.00362.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]],"date-time":"2006-03-20T13:31:34Z","timestamp":1142861494000},"page":"121-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of autacoids and the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular responses to radio\u2010frequency energy heating"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J. 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