{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:11:53Z","timestamp":1782450713143,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,29]],"date-time":"2012-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Physio Funct Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aortic valve calcification (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVC<\/jats:styled-content>), even without haemodynamic significance, may be prognostically import as an expression of generalized atherosclerosis, but techniques for echocardiographic assessment are essentially unexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010dimensional (2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>) echocardiographic recordings (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>hilips<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IE<\/jats:styled-content>33) of the aortic valve in short\u2010axis and long\u2010axis views were performed in 185 consecutive patients within 1\u00a0week before surgery for aortic stenosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0109,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>), aortic regurgitation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a061,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>), their combination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) or dilation of the ascending aorta (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07). The grey scale mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSM<\/jats:styled-content>n) of the aortic valve in an end\u2010diastolic short\u2010axis still frame was measured. The same frame was scored visually 1\u20135 as indicating that the aortic valve was normal, thick, or had mild, moderate or severe calcification. The visual echodensity of each leaflet was determined real time applying the same 5\u2010grade scoring system for each leaflet, and the average for the whole valve was calculated. Finally, a similar calcification score for the whole valve based on inspection and palpation by the surgeon was noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual assessment of real\u2010time images using the proposed scoring system showed better correlation with the surgical evaluation of the degree of valve calcification (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b783,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) compared to evaluation of stop frames by visual assessment (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b766,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) or the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSM<\/jats:styled-content>n score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b764,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001). High inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observer correlations were observed for real\u2010time visual score (both intraclass correlation coefficient\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b793).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real\u2010time evaluation of the level of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVC<\/jats:styled-content>is superior to using stop frames assessed either visually or by dedicated computer grey scale measurement software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097x.2012.01153.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]],"date-time":"2012-07-30T00:27:24Z","timestamp":1343608044000},"page":"470-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Real\u2010time imaging required for optimal echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve calcification"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Yousry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Rickenlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Petrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg 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