{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T15:51:44Z","timestamp":1774972304802,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,11]],"date-time":"2005-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Colour and luminance\u2010contrast thresholds were measured in the presence of dynamic Random Luminance\u2010contrast Masking (RLM) in individuals who had had past diagnoses of optic neuritis (ON) some of whom have progressed to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). To explore the spatio\u2010temporal selectivity of chromatic and luminance losses in MS\/ON, thresholds were measured using three different sizes and modulation rates of the RLM displays: small checks modulating slowly, medium\u2010sized checks with moderate modulation and large checks modulating rapidly. The colour of the chromatic stimuli used were specified in a cone\u2010excitation space to measure relative impairments in red\u2013green and blue\u2013yellow chromatic channels. These observers showed chromatic thresholds along the\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/(\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003+\u2003\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) axis that were higher than those along the\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cone axis for all display sizes\/modulation rates and both red\u2010green and blue\u2010yellow colour thresholds were higher than luminance\u2010contrast thresholds. The principal change in thresholds with spatio\u2010temporal changes in the display was a reduction in thresholds for\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/(\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003+\u2003\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cones with increasing check size and modulation rate. However, luminance contrast thresholds did not change with display size\/rate. These results are consistent with MS\/ON selectively affecting processing in colour pathways rather than in the magnocellular pathway, and that within the colour pathways neurones with opposed\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010 and\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cone inputs are more damaged than colour\u2010opponent neurons with input from\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010cones.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00252.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,11]],"date-time":"2005-01-11T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1105448565000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spatio\u2010temporal selectivity of loss of colour and luminance contrast sensitivity with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Markulev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5408-6_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1992.tb00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p150755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Proceedings","author":"C.I.E.","year":"1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1995.9500073m.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"548","article-title":"Chromatic, spatial and temporal losses of sensitivity in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Dain S. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"771","article-title":"Selective loss of chromatic sensitivity in demyelinating disease","volume":"25","author":"Fallowfield L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01934268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"3252","article-title":"Correlation of chromatic, spatial and temporal sensitivity in optic nerve disease","volume":"32","author":"Grigsby S. S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Optic Neuritis","author":"Hess R. F.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Design and Analysis: A Researcher's Handbook","author":"Keppel G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.5080120205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(82)90077-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00174107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.69.001183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"756","volume-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A","author":"Nagy A. L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Inherited and Acquired Colour Vision Deficiencies","author":"Plant G. T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.7.000783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.3.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0507-1_52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.6.2419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Neurobiology","author":"Shepherd G. M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(75)90203-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.2.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202828"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2004.00252.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00252.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:20Z","timestamp":1767785060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00252.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00252.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00252.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}