{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:50:16Z","timestamp":1790319016985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1135123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To develop more effective methods of demonstrating and teaching complex topics in ophthalmology with the use of computer aided three\u2010dimensional (3D) animation and interactive multimedia technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    We created 3D animations and interactive computer programmes demonstrating the neuroophthalmological nature of the oculomotor system, including the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the extra\u2010ocular eye muscles and the oculomotor cranial nerves, as well as pupillary symptoms of neurological diseases. At the University of Vienna we compared their teaching effectiveness to conventional teaching methods in a comparative study involving 100 medical students, a multiple choice exam and a survey.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The comparative study showed that our students achieved significantly better test results (80%) than the control group (63%) (diff.\u2003=\u200317\u2003\u00b1\u20035%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.004). The survey showed a positive reaction to the software and a strong preference to have more subjects and techniques demonstrated in this fashion.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Three\u2010dimensional computer animation technology can significantly increase the quality and efficiency of the education and demonstration of complex topics in ophthalmology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00358.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T10:25:39Z","timestamp":1135160739000},"page":"40-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Using 3D computer simulations to enhance ophthalmic training"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Glittenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(99)00029-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Paper Presented at Dynamic Information and Visualisation Workshop, Tuebingen","author":"Ainsworth S. 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E-Learn. Corp. Govt. Health. High Educ."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Theories of Group Process","author":"Kolb D. A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Augenheilkunde: Verstehen \u2013 Lernen \u2013 Anwenden","author":"Lang G. K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Theory of Eye Motion and Neurological Testing","author":"Lasslo R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"1141","volume-title":"Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro\u2010ophthalmology","author":"Miller N. R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Anatomie des Menschen: Photographischer Atlas der Systematischen Topographischen Anatomie \u20103","author":"Rohen J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"1193","article-title":"The use of high quality 3D animations and videos in hypermedia systems by learners with different cognitive abilities","volume":"1","author":"Steinke M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Conf. E-Learn. Corp. Govt. Health. High Educ."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0140511021000051117"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2005.00358.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00358.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:24:35Z","timestamp":1767785075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00358.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00358.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00358.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-12-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}