{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:40:24Z","timestamp":1790826024971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]],"date-time":"2011-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Citation information<\/jats:bold>\n                      : Wolffsohn JS, Sheppard AL, Vakani S &amp; Davies LN. Accommodative amplitude required for sustained near work.\n                      <jats:italic>Ophthalmic Physiol Opt<\/jats:italic>\n                      2011,\n                      <jats:bold>31<\/jats:bold>\n                      , 480\u2013486. doi: 10.1111\/j.1475\u20101313.2011.00847.x\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      Many practitioners base the prescription of near vision additions on the assertion that only one half or two\u2010thirds of an individual\u2019s amplitude of accommodation is sustainable for a prolonged period. To better understand how much eye focus needs to be restored for presbyopic corrections to be adequate, this study investigated the robustness of the pre\u2010presbyopic human accommodative system during a sustained and intensive near vision task.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      Twenty\u2010one pre\u2010presbyopic volunteers (aged 26.1\u2003\u00b1\u20034.7\u2003years) participated in the study. Binocular subjective amplitude of accommodation was measured before and after a prolonged reading exercise, using the RAF rule. During the 30\u2003min reading task, the subject\u2019s closest comfortable eye\u2010to\u2010text distance and pupil size was monitored. Accommodative accuracy to 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0\u2003D stimuli was determined objectively using a validated binocular open\u2010view autorefractor immediately before, and after the reading task.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      Amplitude of accommodation (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.09) and accommodative accuracy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003&gt;\u20030.05) were statistically unchanged following the intensive near task. The mean proportion of accommodation exerted throughout the near exercise was 80.6% (range 45.3\u2003\u00b1\u20033.7 to 96.6\u2003\u00b1\u20034.3%), which increased as the task progressed (\n                      <jats:italic>F\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      2.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.02). The mean percentage of accommodation utilised increased with subject age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2003=\u20030.517,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                      The pre\u2010presbyopic human accommodative system is robust to fatigue during intense and prolonged near work. A greater proportion of one\u2019s amplitude of accommodation may be continuously exerted than previously suggested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00847.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]],"date-time":"2011-04-28T08:10:48Z","timestamp":1303978248000},"page":"480-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Accommodative amplitude required for sustained near work"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"James S","family":"Wolffsohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Vakani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon 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