{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:27:06Z","timestamp":1790130426125,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1pt2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the impact of the mandatory National Collegiate Athletic Association (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAA<\/jats:styled-content>) sickle cell trait (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content>) screening policy on the identification of sickle cell carriers and prevention of sudden death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAA<\/jats:styled-content> reports, population\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence estimates, and published risks for exercise\u2010related sudden death attributable to SCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated the number of sickle cell carriers identified and the number of potentially preventable sudden deaths with mandatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> screening of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAA<\/jats:styled-content> Division I athletes. We calculated the number of student\u2010athletes with SCT using a conditional probability based upon SCT prevalence data and self\u2010identified race\/ethnicity status. We estimated sudden deaths over 10\u00a0years based on published attributable risk of exercise\u2010related sudden death due to SCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimate that over 2,000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAA<\/jats:styled-content> Division I student\u2010athletes with SCT will be identified under this screening policy and that, without intervention, about seven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAA<\/jats:styled-content> Division I student\u2010athletes would die suddenly as a complication of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> over a 10\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Universal sickle cell screening of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAA<\/jats:styled-content> Division I student\u2010athletes will identify a substantial number of sickle cell carriers. A successful intervention could prevent about seven deaths over a decade.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01357.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T15:55:37Z","timestamp":1323359737000},"page":"446-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Policy Impact Analysis of the Mandatory <scp>NCAA<\/scp> Sickle Cell Trait Screening Program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Tarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit Division of General Pediatrics University of Michigan 300\u00a0N. Ingalls Street, Room 6C11 Ann Arbor MI 48109-0456"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret Alison","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery &amp; Pediatrics University of Wisconsin Madison WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Bundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1007639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993853"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"440a","article-title":"Sickle Cell Trait Preparticipation Screening Practices of Collegiate Physicians","volume":"16","author":"Clarke C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"College of American Pathologists.2007. \u201cSickle Cell Trait and the Athlete\u201d [accessed on 2007]. 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J.W.Garder F.T.Ward andR.Virmani.1999. \u201cPrevention of Exertional Heat Illness Protects Recruits with Sickle Cell Trait from Exercise\u2010Related Death(abstract).\u201d SRGL Sickle Cell Disease Program National Institute of Health [accessed on November 27 2011]. Available at http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/cgibin\/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA500648."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"Lanier Law Firm.2009. \u201cNCAA Sickle Cell Settlement\u201d [accessed on December 2009]. 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