{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:02:22Z","timestamp":1793318542027,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]],"date-time":"2011-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives \u2013<\/jats:bold>To review the nonradiologist use of ultrasound (US) in the setting of emergency and critical care, the development, clinical applications, and standardization of veterinary abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) techniques.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Etiology \u2013<\/jats:bold>Since the 1990s, the 4\u2010point FAST US technique has been used for injury surveillance in people with blunt and penetrating trauma. FAST screens for free fluid in the abdominal, pleural, and pericardial cavities with high sensitivity and specificity. More recently, an extended FAST scan was developed for the rapid detection of pneumothorax. These techniques and newly created scans have been applied to other critically ill, nontraumatized, subsets of human patients. As a result, the terminology related to this field, eg, extended FAST, HHFAST, FFAST, FAFF, BOAST, SLOH, bedside US, \u2018$ Approach,\u2019 protocols, and objectives have become convoluted despite having similar goals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Diagnosis \u2013<\/jats:bold>The importance of US in the setting of emergency medicine is highlighted by the fact that this diagnostic modality has become an integral part of the core curriculum for nonradiologists including the American College of Surgeons, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Board of Emergency Medicine, Society of Academic Emergency Medicine, and all United States Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Emergency Medicine residency programs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Therapy \u2013<\/jats:bold>Veterinary applications of FAST techniques include an abdominal FAST technique with an abdominal FAST applied fluid scoring system, and a thoracic FAST technique. In an attempt to avoid the creation of numerous acronyms, veterinarians would be well served by making the \u2018T\u2019 in \u2018FAST\u2019 stand for \u2018Trauma,\u2019\u2018Triage,\u2019 and \u2018Tracking.\u2019<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Prognosis \u2013<\/jats:bold>These veterinary FAST techniques provide an extension of the physical examination for the emergency and critical care veterinarian potentially expediting diagnosis, prompting life\u2010saving maneuvers, and guiding patient management. Further clinical research to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for specific conditions is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]],"date-time":"2011-04-04T15:12:52Z","timestamp":1301929972000},"page":"104-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma, triage, and monitoring in small animals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Lisciandro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260627.97284.5D"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199606000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199910000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200101000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000149494.40478.E4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000214583.21492.e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_2","first-page":"557","article-title":"Surgeon\u2010performed ultrasound for the assessment of truncal injuries","volume":"228","author":"Rozycki GS","year":"1998","journal-title":"lessons learned from 1540 patients"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000114529.99353.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2004.23.4.467","article-title":"FAST (focused assessment with sonography in trauma) accurate for cardiac and intraperitoneal injury in penetrating anterior chest trauma","volume":"23","author":"Tayal VS","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Traumatic pneumothorax detection with thoracic ultrasound","volume":"225","author":"Rowan KR","year":"2002","journal-title":"correlation with chest radiography and CT \u2013 Initial experience"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Surgeon performed US","volume":"228","author":"Rozycki GS.","year":"1998","journal-title":"its use in clinical practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199409000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199509000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_2","first-page":"1049","article-title":"FAST utilization in 1999","volume":"66","author":"Boulanger BR","year":"2000","journal-title":"results of a survey of North American trauma centers"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199706000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181da78de"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_18_2","first-page":"781","article-title":"Post injury torso ultrasound","volume":"48","author":"Biffl WL","year":"2000","journal-title":"FAST should be SLOH"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_19_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"The role of ultrasonography in blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"36","author":"Goletti O","year":"1994","journal-title":"results in 250 consecutive cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_2","first-page":"875","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of abdominal ultrasound in blunt trauma","volume":"40","author":"Healey MA","year":"1996","journal-title":"is it useful?"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000164542.86954.B4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260674.60761.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_2","first-page":"288","article-title":"Hand\u2010held thoracic sonography for detecting post\u2010traumatic pneumothoraces","volume":"57","author":"Kirkpatrick AW","year":"2004","journal-title":"the extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (EFAST)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_2","first-page":"272","article-title":"Sonographic detection of pneumothorax and hemothorax in microgravity","volume":"75","author":"Hamilton D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_2","first-page":"831","article-title":"Thoracic sonography for pneumothorax","volume":"56","author":"Kirkpatrick AW","year":"2005","journal-title":"the clinical evaluation of an operational space medicine spin-off"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200204000-00029"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_17_28_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure","volume":"134","author":"Lichtestein DA","year":"2008","journal-title":"the BLUE protocol"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181b7f637"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181e7cc42"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260680.16213.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_32_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"The focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) examination","volume":"7","author":"Salen PN","year":"2000","journal-title":"considerations and recommendations for training physicians in the use of a new clinical tool"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-010-0424-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2008.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_36_2","first-page":"384","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"42","author":"Thomas B","year":"1997","journal-title":"program implementation, initial experience, and learning curve"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_37_2","first-page":"815","article-title":"Hypotension after blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"41","author":"Wherrett LJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"the role of emergent abdominal sonography in surgical triage"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2007.00265.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_17_40_2","first-page":"2869","article-title":"Ultrasound lung comets","volume":"35","author":"Rajan GR.","year":"2007","journal-title":"a clinically useful sign in acute respiratory distress syndrome\/acute lung injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_41_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Ultrasonography for the evaluation of hemoperitoneum during resuscitation","volume":"36","author":"Huang M","year":"1994","journal-title":"a simple scoring system"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200104000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_43_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"Randomized controlled clinical trial of point\u2010 of\u2010care, limited ultrasonography for trauma in the emergency department","volume":"48","author":"Melniker LA","year":"2006","journal-title":"the first sonography outcomes assessment program trial"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_45_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Epidemiology of trauma deaths","volume":"38","author":"Sauaia A","year":"1995","journal-title":"a reassessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200104000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_47_2","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Tracking","author":"Committee on Injury Prevention and Control, Institute of Medicine.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_48_2","first-page":"426","article-title":"Deaths in the operating room","volume":"37","author":"Hoyt D","year":"1994","journal-title":"an analysis of a multi-center experience"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_49_2","first-page":"1392","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathology of trauma deaths occurring in a level 1 trauma center in a regionalized system","volume":"29","author":"Shackford SR","year":"1989","journal-title":"the importance of secondary brain injury"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(98)00082-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200212000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_52_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Autopsies and death certification in deaths due to blunt trauma","volume":"43","author":"Hodgson NF","year":"2000","journal-title":"what are we missing?"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2003.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_54_2","first-page":"426","article-title":"Death in the operating room","volume":"37","author":"Hoyt DB","year":"1994","journal-title":"an analysis of a multi-center experience"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2006.00184.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_56_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Trauma","volume":"16","author":"Muir W.","year":"2006","journal-title":"physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_57_2","first-page":"834","article-title":"Preperitoneal pelvic packing for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures","volume":"62","author":"Cothren CC","year":"2007","journal-title":"a paradigm shift"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_58_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Hemoperitoneum in horses","volume":"229","author":"Dechant JE","year":"2006","journal-title":"67 cases (1989\u20132004)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_59_2","first-page":"584","article-title":"Emergency room management of major blunt trauma","volume":"62","author":"Weninger P","year":"2007","journal-title":"evaluation of the multi-slice computerized tomography protocol exemplified by an urban trauma center"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_60_2","first-page":"812","article-title":"Heart rate","volume":"62","author":"Brasel KJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"is it truly a vital sign?"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.281075047"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.02.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_17_63_2","first-page":"1356","article-title":"Surgeon\u2010performed bedside organ assessment with sonography after trauma (BOAST)","volume":"59","author":"Rozycki GS","year":"2005","journal-title":"a pilot study from the WTA Multicenter Group"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_64_2","first-page":"495","article-title":"Intensivist bedside ultrasound (INBU) for volume assessment in the intensive care unit","volume":"63","author":"Carr BG","year":"2007","journal-title":"a pilot study"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-010-0395-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_66_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"When is FAST a FAFF?","volume":"16","author":"Maitra S","year":"2008","journal-title":"is FAST scanning useful in non-trauma patients?"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_67_2","first-page":"938","article-title":"Motor vehicle accidents in urban dogs","volume":"167","author":"Kolata RJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"a study of 600 cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_68_2","first-page":"217","article-title":"Traumatic hemoperitoneum in 28 cases","volume":"31","author":"Mongil CM","year":"1995","journal-title":"a retrospective review"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_17_69_2","first-page":"588","article-title":"Severe blunt trauma in dogs","volume":"19","author":"Simpson SA","year":"2009","journal-title":"235 cases (1997\u20132003)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02952.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_71_2","first-page":"188","article-title":"Traumatic rupture of the ureters","volume":"38","author":"Weisse C","year":"2002","journal-title":"10 cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_73_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Chronic peritoneal effusion due to partial obstruction caudal vena caval obstruction following blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"20","author":"Crowe DT","year":"1984","journal-title":"diagnosis and successful surgical management"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_17_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.06.835","article-title":"Surgical correction of late onset Budd\u2010Chiari\u2010like syndrome in a dog","volume":"212","author":"Fine DM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1982.tb00676.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_76_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Extrahepatic biliary tract rupture","volume":"80","author":"Parchman MB","year":"1990","journal-title":"evaluation of the relationship between the site of rupture and the cause of rupture in 15 dogs"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_77_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Surgical tracking of bile peritonitis in 24 dogs and 2 cats","volume":"26","author":"Ludwig LL","year":"1997","journal-title":"a retrospective study (1987\u20131994)"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_17_78_2","first-page":"644","article-title":"Variables associated with outcome in dogs undergoing extrahepatic biliary surgery","volume":"33","author":"Mehler SJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"60 cases (1988\u20132002)"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_17_79_2","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Long\u2010term survival and risk factors associated with biliary surgery in dogs","volume":"229","author":"Amsellum PM","year":"2006","journal-title":"34 cases (1994\u20132004)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00060.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632725","article-title":"Post\u2010traumatic paraureteral urinoma (uriniferous pseudocyst) in a cat","volume":"15","author":"Bacon NJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1160\/VCOT-06-12-0094","article-title":"Chronic peritoneal effusion secondary to partial caudal vena cava obstruction following pneumothorax in a dog","volume":"20","author":"Montavon PM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181a4ed27"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(01)90057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_86_2","unstructured":"American College of Emergency Physicians Policy Statement: Emergency Ultrasound Guidelines. 2008. Available athttp:\/\/www.acep.org\/workarea\/downloadasset.aspx?id=32878"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000051587.50251.3D"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_89_2","first-page":"276","article-title":"Managing blunt trauma\u2010induced hemoperitoneum in dogs and cats","volume":"26","author":"Vinayak A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_90_2","first-page":"1062","article-title":"The absorption of red blood cells after parental injection at various sites","volume":"10","author":"Clark CH","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2003.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2004.04024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-8706-3.50086-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-8706-3.50067-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_95_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of pulmonary contusions secondary to motor vehicle accidents in 143 dogs","volume":"9","author":"Powell LL","year":"1999","journal-title":"1994\u20131997"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_96_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Factors associated with survival in dogs and cats with pneumothorax","volume":"9","author":"Krahwinkel DJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000127806.39852.4E"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_98_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Role of ultrasonography in penetrating abdominal trauma","volume":"50","author":"Udobi KF","year":"2001","journal-title":"a prospective clinical study"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31804b488d"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00474.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_103_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"The role of ultrasound in patients with possible penetrating cardiac wounds","volume":"46","author":"Rozycki GS","year":"1998","journal-title":"a prospective multicenter study"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181b16f30"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_105_2","first-page":"636","article-title":"Surgeon\u2010performed ultrasound in the critical care setting","volume":"50","author":"Rozycki GS","year":"2001","journal-title":"its use as an extension of the physical examination to detect pleural effusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_106_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"Diagnostic abdominal paracentesis techniques","volume":"20","author":"Crowe DT","year":"1984","journal-title":"clinical evaluation in 129 dogs and cats"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_107_2","first-page":"700","article-title":"Diagnostic paracentesis and lavage in the evaluation of abdominal injuries in dogs and cats","volume":"168","author":"Crowe DT","year":"1976","journal-title":"clinical and experimental investigations"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_108_2","first-page":"513","article-title":"Pitfalls of peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"151","author":"Soderstrom CA","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surg Gynec Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318168cdc3"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_17_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700613","article-title":"Incidence of contrast\u2010induced nephropathy in intensive care patients undergoing computerised tomography and prevalence of risk factors","volume":"37","author":"Rashid AH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181cf7e40"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_112_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"Focused abdominal sonograms for trauma","volume":"46","author":"Shackford SR","year":"1999","journal-title":"the learning curve of nonradiologist clinicians in detecting hemoperitoneum"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_113_2","first-page":"466","article-title":"Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST)","volume":"46","author":"Scalea TM","year":"1999","journal-title":"results from an international consensus conference"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_17_114_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"Mid\u2010p confidence intervals","volume":"44","author":"Berry G","year":"1995","journal-title":"a brief review"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_115_2","first-page":"789","article-title":"The focused abdominal sonography for trauma scan","volume":"21","author":"McGahan JP","year":"2002","journal-title":"pearls and pitfalls"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_116_2","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography","author":"d'Anjou M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31805f6ffb"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000197434.58433.88"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_17_119_2","first-page":"978","article-title":"Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in cats","volume":"236","author":"Culp WT","year":"2010","journal-title":"65 cases (1994\u20132006)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_120_2","first-page":"S68","article-title":"A review of studies on the effects of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on the coagulation profile","volume":"54","author":"Ledgerwood AM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_121_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"The hemostatic plug","volume":"14","author":"Sixma JJ","year":"1977","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_17_122_2","first-page":"S63","article-title":"Endpoints for fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock","volume":"54","author":"Revell M","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_17_123_2","first-page":"S110","article-title":"Blood pressure at which rebleeding occurs after resuscitation in swine with aortic injury","volume":"54","author":"Sondeen JL","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000075332.54622.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.005438"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_126_2","first-page":"937","article-title":"Surgeon\u2010performed ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of pericardial tamponade in a 20\u2010month\u2010old blunt injured toddler","volume":"9","author":"Testerman GM.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tenn Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.04.514","article-title":"Ultrasonography of noncardiac thoracic diseases in small animals","volume":"195","author":"Stowater JL","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_128_2","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat","author":"Kealy JK","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(98)50086-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_130_2","first-page":"463","article-title":"Accuracy of transthoracic sonography in excluding post\u2010interventional pneumothorax and hydrothorax","volume":"53","author":"Reibig A","year":"2005","journal-title":"comparison to chest radiography"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_131_2","first-page":"905","article-title":"Pneumothorax detection with thoracic US","volume":"227","author":"Chan SS.","year":"2003","journal-title":"more research is needed (letter)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_132_2","first-page":"1434","article-title":"The \u201clung point\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Lichtenstein D","year":"2000","journal-title":"an ultrasound sign specific to pneumothorax"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_133_2","first-page":"232","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of the magnitude of pneumothorax","volume":"67","author":"Sargsyan AE","year":"2001","journal-title":"a new concept"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200102000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_135_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound","volume":"2","author":"Rantanen NW.","year":"1986","journal-title":"disease of the thorax"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_136_2","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Equine Diagnostic Ultrasound","author":"Reef VB.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_137_2","first-page":"1955","article-title":"Pneumothorax in horses","volume":"216","author":"Boy MG","year":"2000","journal-title":"40 cases (1980\u20131997)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_138_2","first-page":"732","article-title":"Pneumothorax in dairy cattle","volume":"225","author":"Slack JA","year":"2004","journal-title":"30 cases (1990\u20132003)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_140_2","first-page":"2112","article-title":"Comparison between diagnostic ultrasonography and radiography in the evaluation of horses and cattle with thoracic disease","volume":"198","author":"Reef VB","year":"1991","journal-title":"56 cases (1984\u20131985)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_141_2","first-page":"750","article-title":"Sonographic diagnosis of a pneumothorax inapparent on plain radiography","volume":"50","author":"Kirkpatrick AW","year":"2001","journal-title":"confirmation by computerized tomography"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200108000-00045"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200108000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_145_2","first-page":"2187","article-title":"The \u201clung pulse\u201d","volume":"29","author":"Lichtenstein DA","year":"2003","journal-title":"and early ultrasound sign in complete atelectasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2075-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_148_2","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Trauma","author":"Harbrecht BG","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-006-0047-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2005.tb00960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000202462.96207.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000287525.03140.3F"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2009.06210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_154_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"The comet\u2010tail artifact","volume":"25","author":"Lichtenstein D","year":"1999","journal-title":"an ultrasound sign ruling out pneumothorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_17_155_2","first-page":"962","article-title":"Sonographic depiction of posttraumatic alveolar\u2010interstitial disease","volume":"66","author":"Ball CG","year":"2009","journal-title":"the hand-held diagnosis of a pulmonary contusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-9-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_157_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Ultrasound detection of pneumothorax with minimally trained sonographers","volume":"9","author":"Monti JD","year":"2009","journal-title":"a preliminary study"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_158_2","first-page":"400","article-title":"Ultrasound","volume":"167","author":"Filly RA.","year":"1988","journal-title":"the stethoscope of the future, alas"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_159_2","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Manual of Veterinary Echocardiography","author":"Boone JA.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_160_2","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Kienle RD.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_161_2","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Manual of Veterinary Echocardiography","author":"Boone JA.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181825bc5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000145085.42116.A7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2011.00626.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T20:51:49Z","timestamp":1741121509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-04-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}