{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:15:09Z","timestamp":1778789709302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]],"date-time":"2011-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the incidence of ionized hypocalcemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content>) in dogs with blunt and penetrating traumatic injuries upon presentation to a hospital, and to determine the association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> with mortality, duration of hospitalization, and requirement for intensive care therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study (January 2007\u2013December 2008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010eight dogs admitted to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> within 24 hours of a traumatic event and with assessment of a venous blood gas sample, including ionized calcium, at hospital admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most dogs (72%) sustained injuries as a result of a motor vehicle accident. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> (&lt;1.25 mmol\/L [&lt;2.50 mEq\/L]) was present in 14 of 88 dogs (16%). Dogs with abdominal trauma were significantly more likely to have <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.020) than dogs with other injuries. Dogs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> spent significantly longer time in the hospital (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.036) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.005), and were more likely to require oxygen supplementation (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.048), synthetic colloids (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.020), vasopressors (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.0043), and blood transfusions (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Six of 14 dogs (43%) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrated clinical signs consistent with hypocalcemia during the course of hospitalization, and calcium gluconate was administered intravenously to one dog. Overall mortality was 16% (14\/88) and dogs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly less likely to survive (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> upon hospital admission in this group of dogs with blunt and penetrating trauma is similar to the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> in critically ill dogs. Findings further suggest that dogs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iHCa<\/jats:styled-content> are more severely injured and subsequently require increased intensive care therapies and have a lower likelihood of survival compared to dogs with normocalcemia. Ionized calcium concentration may therefore be a useful prognostic indicator in dogs with blunt and penetrating traumatic injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00675.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T10:06:46Z","timestamp":1318673206000},"page":"521-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Ionized hypocalcemia as a prognostic indicator in dogs following trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marie K.","family":"Holowaychuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Monteith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00140-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.1994.tb00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.4.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199011000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198704000-00005"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440140068033","article-title":"The effect of pre\u2010existing conditions on mortality in trauma patients","volume":"263","author":"Morris JA","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(95)90043-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199310000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199209000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200211000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199811000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000171840.01892.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000239516.49799.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2008.23.4.700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1995.tb00937.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000225403.15722.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9441(96)90007-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Serum and other calcium fractions in patients after severe musculoskeletal trauma","volume":"275","author":"Henderson SA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200001000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1998.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199010000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(01)80116-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01594.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"938","article-title":"Motor vehicle accidents in urban dogs: a study of 600 cases","volume":"167","author":"Kolata RJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(99)90379-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000087644.90727.DF"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Soft tissue calcium and magnesium content in acute pancreatitis in the dog: calcium accumulation, a mechanism for hypocalcemia in acute pancreatitis","volume":"105","author":"Bhattacharya SK","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200006000-00057"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Torsades de pointes and long QT syndromes","volume":"52","author":"Janeira LF","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199447010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.8.1478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00473.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90415-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198806000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/52.5.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01700968"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"CD006163","article-title":"Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients (Review)","volume":"8","author":"Forsythe RM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607105029006436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607107031003228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000063044.55669.3C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcrc.2002.35813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607104028003133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2004.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.656"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2011.00675.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00675.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T08:27:32Z","timestamp":1698740852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00675.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00675.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00675.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-07-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-10-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}