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Carvedilol (50\u2003mg) or placebo was administered 1\u2003h before MDMA (125\u2003mg) or placebo using a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, four\u2010period crossover design.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>KEY RESULTS<\/jats:bold>Carvedilol reduced MDMA\u2010induced elevations in blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature. Carvedilol did not affect the subjective effects of MDMA including MDMA\u2010induced good drug effects, drug high, drug liking, stimulation or adverse effects. Carvedilol did not alter the plasma exposure to MDMA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS<\/jats:bold>\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010Adrenoceptors contribute to the cardiostimulant and thermogenic effects of MDMA in humans but not to its psychotropic effects. Carvedilol could be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular and hyperthermic complications associated with ecstasy use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01936.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T08:52:06Z","timestamp":1331196726000},"page":"2277-2288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Carvedilol inhibits the cardiostimulant and thermogenic effects of MDMA in 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