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Some of these compounds antagonize transient receptor potential melastatin type\u20108 (TRPM8) channels, the expression of which is necessary for androgen receptor (AR)\u2010dependent PCC survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested pure cannabinoids and extracts from<jats:italic>Cannabis<\/jats:italic>strains enriched in particular cannabinoids (BDS), on AR\u2010positive (LNCaP and 22RV1) and \u2010negative (DU\u2010145 and PC\u20103) cells, by evaluating cell viability (MTT test), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, by FACS scans, caspase 3\/7 assays, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL, and size of xenograft tumours induced by LNCaP and DU\u2010145 cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>KEY RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cannabidiol (CBD) significantly inhibited cell viability. Other compounds became effective in cells deprived of serum for 24\u2003h. Several BDS were more potent than the pure compounds in the presence of serum. CBD\u2010BDS (i.p.) potentiated the effects of bicalutamide and docetaxel against LNCaP and DU\u2010145 xenograft tumours and, given alone, reduced LNCaP xenograft size. CBD (1\u201310\u2003\u00b5M) induced apoptosis and induced markers of intrinsic apoptotic pathways (PUMA and CHOP expression and intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>). In LNCaP cells, the pro\u2010apoptotic effect of CBD was only partly due to TRPM8 antagonism and was accompanied by down\u2010regulation of AR, p53 activation and elevation of reactive oxygen species. LNCaP cells differentiated to androgen\u2010insensitive neuroendocrine\u2010like cells were more sensitive to CBD\u2010induced apoptosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data support the clinical testing of CBD against prostate carcinoma.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>LINKED ARTICLE<\/jats:bold>This article is commented on by Pacher<jats:italic>et\u2003al.<\/jats:italic>, pp. 76\u201378 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02121.x\">10.1111\/j.1476\u20105381.2012.02121.x<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02027.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]],"date-time":"2012-05-18T06:45:19Z","timestamp":1337323519000},"page":"79-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Non\u2010THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth<i>in vitro<\/i>and<i>in vivo<\/i>: pro\u2010apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Luciano","family":"De 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