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ITAM adaptors or ITAM\u2010containing receptor tails mediate signalling from B\u2010 and T\u2010cell receptors, Fc receptors and many C\u2010type lectins, including dectin\u20101. Recent data point to constitutive binding of SYK to the cytoplasmic domain of toll\u2010like receptor\u20104 (TLR4). This SYK\u2010TLR4 binding increases upon TLR4 dimerization and phosphorylation, and SYK plays a prominent role in TLR4 signalling in response to LPS in neutrophils and monocytes. SYK also plays an important role in TLR4\u2010mediated macrophage responses to minimally oxidized low\u2010density lipoprotein (mmLDL), which is a form of oxidized LDL relevant to development of human atherosclerosis. Interestingly, mmLDL\u2010induced effects in macrophages, which occur via TLR4, are predominantly MyD88 independent. 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