{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T09:19:17Z","timestamp":1698743957124},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,26]],"date-time":"2004-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract: Background\/Aim: <\/jats:bold> In hepatic stellate cells isolated from rat fibrotic livers, the amount of retinoid X receptor\u2010alpha (RXR\u2010\u03b1) mRNA is greatly reduced. However, the effectiveness of retinoids in the treatment of liver fibrosis is controversial. We hypothesized that increasing the expression levels of RXR\u2010\u03b1 in livers will improve the response of liver fibrosis to retinoids treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> pTracer\u2010CMV2 vector harboring both green fluorescent protein and RXR\u2010\u03b1 genes was given to mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)\u2010induced liver fibrosis, by hydrodynamic\u2010based <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> transfection. Vitamin A was simultaneously administered to the mice. Sirius red staining and measurement of hydroxyproline content were performed to evaluate liver fibrosis. The incorporation of 5\u2010bromo\u20102\u2010deoxyribouridine (BrdU) was carried out to determine liver cell proliferation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Successful transfection and expression of exogenous RXR\u2010\u03b1 gene in the liver was determined by observance of green fluorescence under a confocal microscope, and detection of RXR\u2010\u03b1 protein by immunohistochemistry. Hepatic fibrosis, evaluated by both Sirius red staining with image analysis and quantity of hydroxyproline in livers of RXR\u2010\u03b1\u2010transfected group, tapered off remarkably. The hydroxyproline content and Sirius red\u2010positive staining area on liver sections from RXR\u2010\u03b1\u2010transfected mice decreased by 34.3% and 54.63%, respectively, compared with the control group receiving empty vector. The labeling index of BrdU in non\u2010parenchymal cells was much lower in livers from the RXR\u2010\u03b1\u2010transfected group than that of empty vector\u2010transfected group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Hydrodynamic\u2010based <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> transfection of the RXR\u2010\u03b1 gene can enhance the vitamin A\u2010induced attenuation of liver fibrosis in mice. One of the possible mechanisms of action for this gene treatment is inhibition of non\u2010parenchymal cell proliferation mainly composed of hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic livers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0977.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,26]],"date-time":"2004-11-26T13:36:39Z","timestamp":1101476199000},"page":"679-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hydrodynamic\u2010based <i>in vivo<\/i> transfection of retinoic X receptor\u2010\u03b1 gene can enhance vitamin A\u2010induced attenuation of liver fibrosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangcun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306243282508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis as wound repair","volume":"33","author":"Bissell D M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"a progress report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Mechanisms and therapy of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"32","author":"Friedman S L","year":"2000","journal-title":"report of the AASLD Single Topic Basic Research Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02934504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.1998.13.s1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1998.tb00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80269-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Suppression of experimental hepatic fibrosis by administration of vitamin A","volume":"52","author":"Senoo H","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/330667a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/332850a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339714a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90478-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80581-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150226"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"G589","article-title":"Diminished retinoic acid signaling in hepatic stellate cells in cholestatic liver fibrosis","volume":"272","author":"Ohata M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"928","article-title":"Effect of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR \u03b1) transfection on the proliferation and phenotype of rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro","volume":"115","author":"Li H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80184-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950017734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i11.2413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"853","article-title":"Heaptic uptake and gene expression mechanisms following intravenous administration of plasmid DNA by conventional and hydrodynamics\u2010based procedures","volume":"297","author":"Kobayshi N","year":"2001","journal-title":"JPharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00039-2"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1478-3231.2004.0977.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0977.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T07:15:26Z","timestamp":1697094926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0977.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0977.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0977.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,26]]}}}