{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T22:09:31Z","timestamp":1770502171146,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract: Background: <\/jats:bold> The need for immunosuppression in autoimmune hepatitis is established. Previous studies have investigated short\u2010term outcomes in patients who respond to treatment. This study assesses long\u2010term prognosis of patients who fail to respond to standard immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> 163 charts were reviewed, composed of 108 non\u2010transplant patients and 55 patients who required liver transplantation (LT). Clinical endpoints were based on aminotransaminases: Early treatment response (ER) was a 50% improvement at 6 months of therapy, Complete remission (CR) was an improvement to &lt;2X normal, Relapse was worsening to &gt;3X normal, Incomplete response (IR) was some response but no CR in 3 years, and No response (NR) was no improvement after 3 years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> 85% of non\u2010LT and 25% of LT patients achieved ER, 91% of non\u2010LT and 26% of LT patients achieved CR. 41% of non\u2010LT patients relapsed on maintenance treatment, and 41% of non\u2010LT patients relapsed when withdrawn from treatment. 9% of non\u2010LT and 58% of LT patients had IR. 16% in LT group showed NR, while all non\u2010LT patients showed some response. All paired comparisons were statistically different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that lack of ER predicts need for LT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0005). 87% of patients who achieved ER did not require LT, whereas 16% of patients who failed ER showed NR and all required LT. Odds ratio of a patient who failed ER proceeding to LT, compared to a patient who achieved ER, was 16.8 (7.5 to 37.7, 95% CI).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> Patients who fail to show a 50% improvement in transaminases at 6 months of standard immunosuppression should be considered for alternate treatment modalities or be referred earlier for LT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01121.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T18:53:21Z","timestamp":1120589601000},"page":"728-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Early treatment response predicts the need for liver transplantation in autoimmune hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Ghent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90090-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"435","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Czaja A J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"evolving concepts and treatment 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