{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:28:48Z","timestamp":1761596928227},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,20]],"date-time":"2005-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract: Objectives: <\/jats:bold> We evaluated the influence of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) promoter gene polymorphisms on clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and outcome of HBV chronic hepatitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Four TNF\u2010\u03b1 promoter polymorphisms (T\u20101031C, C\u2010863A, G\u2010308A, and G\u2010238A) were evaluated by direct sequencing in 184 chronic HBV carriers hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and 96 controls with documented sero\u2010clearance (HBsAg negativity, positivity for anti\u2010HBs and anti\u2010HBc IgG). Frequencies of single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the control group were compared with those of the chronic carrier group and with clinically defined subgroups of the latter: asymptomatic carriers, patients with compensated hepatitis, decompensated cirrhotics, and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, subgroups of chronic carriers were compared among them.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> In the chronic carrier group, the \u2212308G allele was more frequent in those with a family history of HBV infection (96% vs 88% of those with non\u2010familial transmission). The G\/G genotype at position \u2212308 was found in all chronic carriers with decompensated cirrhosis but in only 78% of controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.01) and was more frequent in decompensated cirrhotics than in the other subgroups. The distribution of TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene polymorphisms in the carrier group was not significantly different from that in the sero\u2010clearance control group. TNF\u2010\u03b1 SNPs at positions \u22121031\/\u2212863 and \u2212863\/\u2212238 were in linkage disequilibrium. The TCGG haplotype (\u2212T1031, \u2212C863, \u2212G308, \u2212G238) was significantly associated with end\u2010stage liver disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> The TNF\u2010\u03b1 promoter polymorphisms do not appear to be determinant of HBV sero\u2010clearance in southern Italians. The genotype \u2212308G\/G and haplotype TCGG are associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with chronic HBV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01166.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,20]],"date-time":"2005-09-20T15:09:47Z","timestamp":1127228987000},"page":"1175-1181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and clearance or progression of hepatitis B virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Grazia Anna","family":"Niro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenica","family":"Gioffreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria 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