{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:37:34Z","timestamp":1768448254215,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,8]],"date-time":"2006-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract: Background: <\/jats:bold> HLA DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>03\u2013DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>04 combines both susceptibility factors for type\u20101 autoimmune hepatitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims: <\/jats:bold> Determine whether this phenotype is a risk factor for autoimmune hepatitis in white North American patients, assess its associations with clinical features and treatment outcome, and determine whether alleles within this phenotype affect prognosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> One hundred and ninety\u2010eight patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and 102 normal adults were evaluated. HLA typing was performed by DNA\u2010based techniques.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010eight patients had HLA DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>03\u2013DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>04, and the frequency was higher than in normal subjects (14% vs 4%, OR 4.0%, 95% CI 1.4\u201311.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.01). Patients with DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>03\u2013DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>04 relapsed less frequently than patients with DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>03 (1.3\u00b10.3 vs 2.1\u00b10.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.04), but they otherwise had outcomes similar to patients with other phenotypes. Patients with DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>03\u2010DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>04 who had 3\u20134 alleles encoding lysine at position DR\u03b271 within the class II molecule of the major histocompatibility complex developed cirrhosis more commonly (75% vs 9%, <jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0.05) and had a higher frequency of hepatic\u2010related death or liver transplantation (40% vs 0%, <jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0.04) than patients with fewer alleles.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> HLA DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>03\u2013DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>04 is a risk factor for type\u20101 autoimmune hepatitis, and its impact on outcome relates to the diversity of DRB1<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>04 alleles that encode a critical 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