{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:47:35Z","timestamp":1761630455181},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share similar transmission routes; thus, coinfection is frequent. The consequences of acute HBV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C are unknown.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> We describe a 47\u2010year\u2010old male with chronic hepatitis C who acquired HBV and then spontaneously and apparently completely cleared HCV but developed chronic hepatitis B. Five serum samples collected over 14 months and lymphoid cells obtained after acquiring HBV were tested for HCV and HBV by both standard assays and ultra\u2010sensitive polymerase chain reaction\/nucleic acid hybridization (PCR\/NAH) (sensitivity \u223c2\u2003IU\/ml).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> After superinfection with HBV, HBV surface antigen\u2010positive chronic hepatitis developed with readily detectable HBV DNA. All sera collected after acquisition of HBV, which tested negative for HCV RNA by standard laboratory assay, were positive for HCV genomes when analysed by PCR\/NAH. Peripheral lymphoid cells carried HBV DNA and covalently closed circular DNA, but were negative for HCV.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> This is the first reported case of profound suppression of chronic hepatitis C after superinfection with HBV and establishment of chronic hepatitis B. It is hypothesized that HBV infection precipitated generalized and\/or virus\u2010specific cellular immune responses that profoundly suppressed HCV replication and yet failed to inhibit progression to chronic hepatitis B.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01477.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T14:36:01Z","timestamp":1175178961000},"page":"722-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Profound suppression of chronic hepatitis C following superinfection with hepatitis B virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Carla S.","family":"Coffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Mulrooney\u2010Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz I.","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co\u2010infection","volume":"4","author":"Raimondo G","year":"2005","journal-title":"additive players in chronic liver disease?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00303-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"414","article-title":"Prompt hepatitis C virus suppression following hepatitis B virus superinfection in chronic untreated hepatitis C","volume":"30","author":"Guido M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Acute hepatitis B virus superinfection in a Taiwanese patient with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"103","author":"Hung CH","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Formosan Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0106-9543.2001.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"34","author":"Br\u00e9chot C","year":"2001","journal-title":"clinically significant or purely \u201coccult\u201d?"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80624-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5867-5874.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(06)80527-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.24.15578-15581.2005"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1478-3231.2007.01477.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01477.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T04:40:18Z","timestamp":1697172018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01477.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01477.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01477.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]]}}}