{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:20:56Z","timestamp":1789014056826,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but nationwide American data is unavailable. Our objective was to describe ALA epidemiology and outcomes in USA from a population\u2010based perspective.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Patients hospitalized with ALA between 1993 and 2007 were identified using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patient characteristics, interventions and outcomes including mortality were determined. The annual incidence of ALA and temporal trends were determined using the negative binomial regression models.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Between 1993 and 2007, 848 hospitalizations for ALA, corresponding to \u223c4100 hospitalizations nationwide, were identified. The annual incidence was 1.38 per million population with a 2.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0\u20134.8%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.06] average annual decline during this study. Most patients were hospitalized in western (54%) and southern states (27%), and 48% were Hispanic. Males (incidence rate ratio vs. females: 4.53; 95% CI 4.19\u20134.90) had the highest incidence rates. Percutaneous and surgical drainage was required in 48 and 7% of patients respectively. Although length of stay [median, 6 days; interquartile range (IQR) 4\u201310] and hospital charges (US$25\u2003345; IQR US$15\u2003030\u201342\u2003275) were substantial, in\u2010hospital mortality was rare (0.8%). Females [odds ratio (OR) 6.12; CI 1.39\u201326.8], patients \u226560 years (OR 13.3; 95% CI 2.5\u201371.5), and those with \u22653 comorbidities (OR 5.80; 95% CI 1.30\u201325.8), particularly malnutrition, had an increased risk of death.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> ALA is rare and the incidence has decreased in USA. Young, Hispanic males in southwestern states are most frequently affected. Mortality caused by ALA is lower than what was reported previously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02562.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,24]],"date-time":"2011-06-24T02:41:44Z","timestamp":1308883304000},"page":"1191-1198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Amoebic liver abscess in USA: a population\u2010based study of incidence, temporal trends and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Congly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Aziz M.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"Meddings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilaad G.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12830-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01730-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_5_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Amebic liver abscess","volume":"170","author":"Seeto RK","year":"1999","journal-title":"epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199809000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803001389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_9_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"A note on clinical presentations of amebic liver abscess","volume":"3","author":"Wiwanitkit V.","year":"2002","journal-title":"an overview from 62 Thai patients"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026889900206X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01211185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_12_2","first-page":"985","article-title":"Perforated amebic liver abscess","volume":"87","author":"Meng XY","year":"1994","journal-title":"clinical analysis of 110 cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200407000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00235-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_16_2","first-page":"398","article-title":"The prognostic factors of severe amebic liver abscess","volume":"46","author":"Chuah SK","year":"1992","journal-title":"a retrospective study of 125 cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_17_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Amebic liver abscess","volume":"23","author":"Akgun Y","year":"1999","journal-title":"changing trends over 20 years"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_18_2","volume-title":"NIS Database Documentation","author":"Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_19_2","volume-title":"HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Comparison Report. 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