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Antioxidant therapy has thus been considered to have the possibility of beneficial effects in the management of these liver diseases. Despite this promise, antioxidants have produced mixed results in a number of clinical trials of efficacy. This review summarizes the results of clinical trials of antioxidants as sole or adjuvant therapy of chronic hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, alcoholic liver disease and non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NASH<\/jats:styled-content>). Overall, the most promising results to date are for vitamin E therapy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NASH<\/jats:styled-content> but some encouraging results have been obtained with antioxidant therapy of acute alcoholic hepatitis as well. Despite evidence for small reductions of serum alanine aminotransferase, there is as yet no convincing evidence that antioxidant therapy itself is beneficial to patients with chronic hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>. Problems such as small sample size, short follow up duration, inadequate endpoints, failure to demonstrate tissue delivery and antioxidant efficacy, and heterogeneous nature of the \u2018antioxidant\u2019 compounds used have complicated interpretation of results of the clinical studies. These limitations and their implications for future trial design are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02604.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,29]],"date-time":"2011-07-29T09:46:20Z","timestamp":1311932780000},"page":"1432-1448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Antioxidants as therapeutic agents for liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ashwani K.","family":"Singal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarat C.","family":"Jampana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Weinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal 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