{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:01:10Z","timestamp":1791126070121,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,29]],"date-time":"2011-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Until recently, chronic hepatitis C caused by persistent infection with the hepatitis C virus (\n HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been treated with a combination of pegylated interferon\u2010alpha (\n PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1) and ribavirin (\n RBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). This situation has changed with the development of two drugs targeting the\n NS<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3\/4A protease, approved for combination therapy with\n PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1\/\n RBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n for patients infected with genotype 1 viruses. Moreover, two additional viral proteins, the\n RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010dependent\n RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n polymerase (residing in\n NS<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5B) and the\n NS<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5A protein have emerged as promising drug targets and a large number of antivirals targeting these proteins are at different stages of clinical development. Although this progress is very promising, it is not clear whether these new compounds will suffice to eradicate the virus in an infected individual, ideally by using a\n PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03b1\/\n RBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010free regimen, or whether additional compounds targeting other factors that promote\n HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n replication are required. In this respect, host cell factors have emerged as a promising alternative. They reduce the risk of development of antiviral resistance and they increase the chance for broad\u2010spectrum activity, ideally covering all\n HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n genotypes. Work in the last few years has identified several host cell factors used by\n HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n for productive replication. These include, amongst others, cyclophilins, especially cyclophilinA (\n cypA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), micro\n RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010122 (\n miR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010122) or phosphatidylinositol\u20104\u2010kinase\n III<\/jats:styled-content>\n alpha. For instance,\n cypA<\/jats:styled-content>\n inhibitors have shown to be effective in combination therapy with\n PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n RBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n in increasing the sustained viral response (\n SVR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) rate significantly compared to\n PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n RBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n . This review briefly summarizes recent advances in the development of novel antivirals against\n HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02701.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,29]],"date-time":"2011-12-29T12:38:09Z","timestamp":1325162289000},"page":"9-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["New targets for antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"B\u00fchler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Bartenschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology Heidelberg University Heidelberg 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