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Cholestasis\u2010induced liver injury and fibrosis are associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Few pharmacological therapies exist for treatment of cholestasis or cirrhosis, but it is known that humans with better nutritional intake are less likely to develop certain types of cirrhosis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>ugenia jambolana (<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>amun)<\/jats:italic> is a tropical berry fruit rich in antioxidant anthocyanin compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>As anthocyanins decrease cellular lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, it was hypothesized that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>amun fruit extract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFE<\/jats:styled-content>) administration could protect against cholestatic liver injury and inflammation in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Starting 24\u00a0h after sham or bile\u2010duct ligation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content>) surgery, male C57Bl\/6 mice were administered vehicle or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFE<\/jats:styled-content> (100\u00a0mg\/kg, <jats:italic>po<\/jats:italic>) for 10\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice that underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content> had elevated serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALT<\/jats:styled-content> levels, which were reduced to 60% by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFE<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. Likewise, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content> caused hepatic inflammation, macrophage infiltration, fibrosis and necrosis, all of which were largely improved by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFE<\/jats:styled-content>. Interestingly, hepatoprotection was observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JFE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content> mice, despite suppressed transporter expression and increased hepatic bile acid concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jamun fruit phytochemicals decreased hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, and protected against hepatocellular injury in mice. Jamun warrants further investigation as a potential antioxidant\/anti\u2010inflammatory therapy not only to treat cholestasis but also other liver diseases with an inflammatory component.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02724.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T17:07:17Z","timestamp":1325264837000},"page":"560-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The traditional ayurvedic medicine, <scp><i>E<\/i><\/scp><i>ugenia jambolana<\/i> (<scp>J<\/scp>amun fruit), decreases liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis during cholestasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ajay C.","family":"Donepudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Aleksunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen V.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navindra P.","family":"Seeram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Slitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Syzygium cumini (L.) 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