{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:04:55Z","timestamp":1771657495907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,22]],"date-time":"2012-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Cholestatic liver disease is associated with widespread derangements in the cardiovascular system, such as bradycardia, hypotension,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>prolongation and peripheral vasodilation; it is also associated with increased susceptibility to postoperative renal failure and haemorrhagic shock. A number of cellular signalling pathways have been shown to contribute to these abnormalities. In this article, we briefly review recent<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>findings in the field in an attempt to highlight the areas of agreement and areas of controversy. In this review, we will summarize pathogenic mechanisms underlying cardiac and vascular abnormalities in obstructive cholestasis. It seems that cardiovascular dysfunction is likely because of bile acids as one of the predominant factors. Other important factors which might play roles in these abnormalities are increased nitric oxide, endogenous opioids and endocannabinoids. These three factors interact with each other to exert vasodilation and impaired cardiovascular responses to sympathetic stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02803.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T04:30:23Z","timestamp":1335155423000},"page":"7-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cardiovascular abnormalities in obstructive cholestasis: the possible mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Moezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad R.","family":"Dehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Acute post\u2010operative renal failure in obstructive jaundice","volume":"42","author":"Dawson JL","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Surgical aspects of jaundice","volume":"39","author":"Zollinger RM","year":"1956","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1960.01300020162022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.11.5.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V5111853","article-title":"Systemic hypotension and renal failure in obstructive jaundice\u2010mechanistic and therapeutic aspects","volume":"5","author":"Green J","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90274-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Biochemical and pathological changes in the heart following bile duct ligation","volume":"2","author":"Tajuddin M","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv Myocardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0610535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0690647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082009000700002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502008000700012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Cardiotonic activity of certain steroids and bile salts","volume":"30","author":"Loynes JS","year":"1952","journal-title":"Can J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1978.tb00646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1978.tb00645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01990384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Some cardiovascular actions of sodium tauroglycocholate","volume":"18","author":"Dave M","year":"1974","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00177718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-95-3-257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00259-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(96)80070-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00138-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800840710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00773-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-8206.2002.00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.07.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39318-8","article-title":"Subsensitivity to opioids is receptor\u2010specific in isolated guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens after obstructive cholestasis","volume":"293","author":"Dehpour AR","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520500287533"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90102-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90857-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110526"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Endogenous nitric oxide modulates naloxone\u2010precipitated withdrawal signs in a mouse model with acute cholestasis","volume":"9","author":"Dehpour AR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(93)90210-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2580073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02258370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)39028-2","article-title":"Effects of chronic U50,488H treatment on binding and mechanical responses of the rat hearts","volume":"268","author":"Xia Q","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)90317-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1999.1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-002-0814-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.02.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199401000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"715","article-title":"Jaundice and blood pressure","volume":"16","author":"Meakin J","year":"1932","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"533","article-title":"Haemodynamic studies in dogs with chronic bile\u2010duct ligation","volume":"50","author":"Shasha SM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365515309094190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Impaired skeletal muscle vasomotor response to infused noradrenaline in baboons with obstructive jaundice","volume":"55","author":"Bomzon L","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","unstructured":"BomzonLKM.Renal blood flow in obstructive Jaundice: The baboon as an experimental model. In:EpsteinM ed.The Kidney in Liver Disease.New York:Elsevier 1978:167\u201383."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)00428-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0670177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38331-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/apab.104.1.30.12864"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01091-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(02)00206-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/747495"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(89)90024-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90503-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00067-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.076778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.141648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80566-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)01161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.12.004"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1478-3231.2012.02803.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02803.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T08:30:43Z","timestamp":1742977843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02803.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,22]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02803.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02803.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,22]]}}}