{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T08:11:46Z","timestamp":1698739906862},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,31]],"date-time":"2013-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes insipidus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>) is a recognized adverse effect of lithium use, and studies have shown an association between decreased renal function and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> in patients using lithium. We hypothesize that hypernatraemic events that occur in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> predict decreased renal function in elderly patients on lithium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 55 geriatric psychiatry patients using lithium between 1985 and 2010. Patients who always had sodium levels \u2264146\u2009mmol\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> were compared to patients with one or more episodes of hypernatraemia (serum sodium level \u2265147\u2009mmol\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>) for estimated glomerular filtration rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>) levels and prevalence of severe chronic renal failure (eGFR \u226430\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content> was found to be less in the hypernatraemic group than in the non\u2010hypernatraemic controls (41 vs 56\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0074). Severe chronic renal failure appeared more prevalent in hypernatraemic patients (4\/14 (28.6%) vs. 3\/41 (7.3%)), but this did not achieve statistical significance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.061). The two groups did not differ for age, sex, medical comorbidities or other clinical variables, except antidepressant use. Hypernatraemic patients appeared less likely to use antidepressants than non\u2010hypernatraemic patients, odds ratio = 0.69 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020). However, in multivariate analysis, hypernatraemia correlated with decreased eGFR (\u03b2 = \u22120.39, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), while antidepressant use did not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.81).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that hypernatraemic events may predict reduced renal function in geriatric patients using lithium. The role of hypernatraemia and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> in renal failure in this population requires further study. Health professionals should be aware of the risks of renal failure in older patients treated with lithium, especially in the context of sodium level abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00433.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T03:07:26Z","timestamp":1364785646000},"page":"25-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using hypernatraemic events to predict reduced renal function in elderly lithium patients: a brief report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Soham","family":"Rej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumia I.","family":"Senouci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Looper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Consult\u2010Liaison Psychiatry Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/30.4.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/000456307781646120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Impairment of renal function in patients on long\u2010term lithium treatment","volume":"18","author":"Wallin L","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Kidney damage in long\u2010term lithium patients: a cross\u2010sectional study of patients with 15 years or more on lithium","volume":"9","author":"Bendz H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-80"}],"container-title":["Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1479-8301.2012.00433.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00433.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T21:04:54Z","timestamp":1698699894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00433.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00433.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00433.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-3500","1479-8301"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-3500","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-8301","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}