{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:15:36Z","timestamp":1789780536545,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Damage to the perineum is common after vaginal delivery, and it can be caused by laceration, episiotomy, or both. This study investigated the effects of maternal position (lateral vs lithotomy) and other variables on the occurrence of perineal damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study included the examination of hospital records from 557 women. The effects of demographic characteristics, gravidity, parity, duration of pregnancy, reason for admission, and mode of labor on perineal outcomes were investigated through univariate (independent sample<jats:italic> t<\/jats:italic> test, chi\u2010square test) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering episiotomy as perineal damage, univariate analysis showed a protective effect of the lateral position (45.9% vs 27.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.001), and fewer episiotomies were performed (6.7% vs 38.2%) with this position. This protective effect for perineal damage disappeared on excluding women undergoing episiotomy from analysis. Multivariate analysis including all participants showed an increase of 47 percent in the likelihood of an intact perineum for the lateral position when compared with the lithotomy position (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.53; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.36\u20130.78). Parity was associated with a reduction of 44 percent in perineal damage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.56; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.47\u20130.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Moreover, the lithotomy position was associated with significantly more episiotomies than the lateral position (7% vs 38%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The odds of perineal damage increased in deliveries performed by physicians (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.92; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.79\u20134.78).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childbirth in the lateral position resulted in less perineal trauma when compared with childbirth in the lithotomy position, even after correcting for parity and birth attendant. The probability of an intact perineum increased in deliveries performed by midwives. (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIRTH<\/jats:styled-content> 39:2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>une 2012)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536x.2012.00529.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T19:48:13Z","timestamp":1337284093000},"page":"115-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Maternal Position and Other Variables: Effects on Perineal Outcomes in 557 Births"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Inge","family":"Meyvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Artesis University College Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Nursing Science and Midwifery University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Van Rompaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Artesis University College Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Nursing Science and Midwifery University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Goormans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Truijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artesis University College Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Lambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Mestdagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Mistiaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artesis University College Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2005.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2005.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00272-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2007.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2006.00085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"National hospital discharge summary: 2004. Annual summary with detailed diagnosis and procedure data. National Center for Health Statistics","volume":"13","author":"Kozak LJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Perinatale activiteiten in Vlaanderen 2006 (Perinatal Activities in Flanders 2006)","author":"Cammu H","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1998.t01-2-.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogrm.2007.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows. Rel. 16.0.0","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-2182(96)00042-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000081.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-2182(85)90142-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Postpartum outcomes in supine delivery by physicians v. nonsupine delivery by midwives","volume":"106","author":"Terry RR","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(03)00052-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11093.x"}],"container-title":["Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1523-536X.2012.00529.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2012.00529.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T05:39:53Z","timestamp":1700545193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2012.00529.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2012.00529.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-536x.2012.00529.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7659","1523-536X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-536X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]]}}}