{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T05:42:08Z","timestamp":1695879728020},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3648,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection has been associated recently with an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We critically reviewed the literature on the association between <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> and ischemic heart disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been suggested that a persistent low\u2010grade inflammatory response resulting from chronic gastritis caused by <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> may increase the concentration of certain coagulation factors, such as fibrinogen, which are predictors of ischemic heart disease. After the appearance of the first studies indicating a moderately strong association, other researchers have investigated the potential association between these two conditions, yielding conflicting results. It must be emphasized that a relationship between fibrinogen or other hemostatic factors and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection has been demonstrated only in cross\u2010sectional studies, many of which included ischemic heart disease patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present evidence supporting the association between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and ischemic heart disease is based on cross\u2010sectional surveys, in which it is difficult to separate cause and effect. The high prevalence in the population of both <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and ischemic heart disease makes it very difficult to establish a causal association. Prospective or interventional studies eventually might help to clarify the question.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.1997.06b13.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T14:42:26Z","timestamp":1182955346000},"page":"67-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association Between <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Infection and Ischemic Heart Disease: Facts or Fancy?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Parente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele Bianchi","family":"Porro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.5.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.74.5.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helicobacter pyloriandChlamydia pneumoniaeinfections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors BMJ 1995;311:711\u2013\u20034.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7007.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"251","article-title":"Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with coronary heart disease [letter]","volume":"2","author":"Ponzetto A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Study confirms previous findings BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"A55","article-title":"Relationship between H. pylori infection and ischemic heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Balaban D","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"A92","article-title":"Lack of association between Helicobacter pylori infection and angiographically documented coronary heart disease [abstract]","volume":"2","author":"Maier F","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"A1","article-title":"Lack of independent association of H. 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