{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:23:09Z","timestamp":1791116589458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1123200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Neuronal damage in idiopathic parkinsonism may be in response to ubiquitous occult infection. Since peptic ulceration is prodromal, <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> is a prime candidate.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim.\u2002<\/jats:bold> To consider the candidature of <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> in parkinsonism with cachexia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.\u2002<\/jats:bold> We explore the relationship between being underweight and inflammatory products in 124 subjects with idiopathic parkinsonism and 195 controls, and present the first case\u2010series evidence of efficacy of <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> eradication, in parkinsonism advanced to the stage of cachexia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Association of a low body mass index with circulating interleukin\u20106 was specific to parkinsonism (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.002), unlike that with antibodies against <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> vacuolating\u2010toxin and cytotoxicity\u2010associated gene product (<jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.04). Marked reversibility in both cachexia and disability of idiopathic parkinsonism followed <jats:italic>Helicobacter\u00a0heilmannii<\/jats:italic> eradication in one case, <jats:italic>Helicobacter\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication in another, follow\u2010up being \u2265 3.5\u00a0years. The latter presented with postprandial bloating, and persistent nausea: following eradication, radioisotope gastric\u2010emptying returned towards normal, and upper abdominal symptoms regressed. Reversibility of their cachexia\/disability contrasts with the outcome of anti\u2010<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> therapy where eradication repeatedly failed (one case), and in non\u2010<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> gastritis (three cases). Anti\u2010parkinsonian medication remained constant. Intestinal absorption and barrier function were normal in all.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Categorization, according to presence or absence of <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> infection, was a useful therapeutic tool in late idiopathic parkinsonism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00331.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T09:22:13Z","timestamp":1123233733000},"page":"267-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Role of Chronic Infection and Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"R. 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