{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:51:08Z","timestamp":1769205068440,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,13]],"date-time":"2006-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Recent reports have shown an upregulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) during gastric ulcer development in a rat model and elevated counts of MIF\u2010positive cells in biopsies from <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected patients. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is a proven cofactor in humans causing gastritis and gastric ulcers. The aim of this study was to characterize MIF expression in human gastric epithelial cells in response to <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> MIF mRNA and MIF protein expression was detected in human gastric epithelial cell lines after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines or infection with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>cagA+\/vacA+)<\/jats:italic> using real\u2010time reverse transcriptase\u2013polymerase and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Interleukin\u20108 secretion was measured as positive control. MIF mRNA and MIF protein expression was assessed in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive and \u2010negative human gastric biopsy samples.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> While interleukin\u20108 mRNA expression and interleukin\u20108 secretion were upregulated in gastric epithelial cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> after <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, no changes in MIF mRNA expression and MIF secretion could be detected. We found no significant differences in MIF expression in total RNA extracted from gastric biopsy tissue when comparing <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>positive to control patients. Likewise, MIF protein expression in gastric epithelium was unaffected by <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection as compared to uninfected tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> While an increased MIF expression and positive effects of MIF blockade in ulcer healing have been shown in a rodent model and elevated numbers of MIF\u2010positive cells have been found in <jats:italic>H. pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected human tissue, we herein could not confirm any differences in human gastric epithelial MIF expression and secretion after <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2006.00411.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,13]],"date-time":"2006-07-13T07:42:23Z","timestamp":1152776543000},"page":"258-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gastric Epithelial Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor is not Altered by <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Infection in 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